ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik demografis dan klinik serta profil penggunaan obat pada pasien hipertensi esensial di instalasi rawat jalan RSUD I Lagaligo Kabupaten Luwu Timur periode Januari-Desember 2014. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Deskriptif yang dikerjakan secara retrospektif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien Hipertensi esensial yang menjalani rawat jalan di RSUD I Laga Ligo Kabupaten Luwu Timur periode Januari-Desember 2014. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian adalah 145 pasien. Karakteristik demografi perempuan yaitu 87 pasien (60%), rentang usia 41-60 tahun (55,86%), Hipertensi grade 1 (73,78%), golongan obat yang paling banyak digunakan adalah antagonis kalsium (45,45%), jenis obat Amlodipin (44,27%), bentuk sediaan tablet 100%, aturan pakai 1 sampai 2 kali sehari, terapi tunggal yaitu Amlodipin (63,08%), kombinasi 2 antihipertensi yaitu Amlodipin-Hidroklorotiazid (38,61%), kombinasi 3 antihipertensi yaitu Amlodipin-Hidroklorotiazid-Captopril (69,57%). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh telah sesuai dengan alogaritma pengobatan hipertensi menurut JNC 7.Kata kunci: Profil penggunaan obat, Hipertensi, Antihipertensi ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics and profile of drug use in patients with essential hypertension at outpatient installations I Lagaligo General Hospital East Luwu Regency period January-December 2014. The research method is descriptive done retrospectively by collecting secondary data from medical records essential hypertension patients undergoing outpatient treatment at General Hospital I Lagaligo East Luwu Regency period January-December 2014. The number of samples in the study were 145 patients. The dominant demographic characteristics of women that 87 patients (60%), age range 41-60 years (55.86%), hypertension grade 1 (73.78%), a class of drugs most widely used is a calcium antagonist (45.45%), the type of drug amlodipine (44.27%), 100% tablet dosage forms, rules of use 1 to 2 times a day, namely amlodipine monotherapy (63.08%), the combination of two antihypertensive amlodipinehydrochlorothiazide (38.61%), the combination of three antihypertensive amlodipine-hydrochlorothiazideCaptopril (69.57%). The results obtained in accordance with an algorithm treatment of hypertension according to Joint National Committee (JNC 7).

One of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus is a disorder of macrovascular as hypertension so that in it’s medicinal treatment required therapy with multiple drugs all at once that can lead to drug interactions. Drug interactions can result in increased toxicity and decrease the effectiveness of drugs that interact. This study aims to determine the prescription profile of DM patients with hypertension include the number of drugs prescribed, dosage forms, classes and types of drugs and the incidence of drug interactions theoretically, based on the mechanism drug interactions in outpatient installations of RSUD Undata Palu 2014. This design research is a non-experimental study with descriptive. Retrieval of patient data performed prospectively during the period from March to June 2014. Subjects who fill the inclusion criteria is adult patients that attain age of 18-60 years and diagnosed diabetes mellitus with hypertension are interview to obtain primary data while the secondary data such as medical records and prescriptions. Retrieved 61 sample. Based on dosage forms prescribe profile that most often given to the DM patients with hypertension was tablets (94.5%). Class of diabetes drugs most widely used is a sulfonylurea (21.1%) and hypertension drug classes beta blocker (12.2%). Types of diabetic drugs most widely used was glimepiride (14.2%) and hypertension was bisoprolol (9.2%). The percentage result of drug interactions theoretically was 85.2% (52 patients), drug interactions type that the most occured was pharmacodynamic interactions 72.7%. Diabetes melitus Patients with hypertension in outpatient installations of RSUD Undata Palu 2014 were most potentially subjected to drug interactions

A BSTRACT Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a worldwide health problem today. There are approximately 30 anti-HIV-1 drugs that have been used in the treatment of AIDS. However, effective anti HIV-1 agents with less side affect and high inhibition potency are still in demand. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the potential compounds from Zingiberaceae plants that might be active as anti-HIV-1 by molecular docking. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking simulation was performed by using AutoDock 4.2 on Linux operation system. Docking protocol was validated by using root mean square deviation (RMSD) value using redocking and cross-docking methods. The reported metabolites from Zingiberaceae plants were docked on HIV-1 protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase protein enzymes. Results: The docking result showed that the genera of Zingiber , Etlingera , Alpinia , Hedychium , and Boesenbergia have potential metabolites that inhibit HIV protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase enzymes by possessing lower docking energy than native ligand of amprenavir, raltegravir, and nevirapine. Among the metabolites, noralpindenoside B and alpindenoside A from Alpinia densespicata inhibited protease enzymes with the lowest docking energy of -18.02 and -17.90 kcal/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, panduratin E from Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb. and 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol from Etlingera elatior showed the lowest docking energy on integrase protein with docking energy of -11.97 and -11.41 kcal/mol, respectively. Pahangensin A from Alpinia pahangensis Ridley showed the lowest docking energy on reverse transcriptase enzyme with docking energy of -13.76 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The docking molecular study has identified the possible potential compounds from Zingiberaceae plants that might be used for anti-HIV-1 treatment. So, this study suggested further isolation and purification of the predicted compounds.

A B S T R A KDrug Related Problems (DRPs) merupakan suatu kondisi terkait terapi obat yang secara nyata atau potensial mengganggu hasil klinis. DRP dapat terjadi pada penanganan berbagai penyakit salah satunya pneumonia komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase kejadian DRPs pada pasien pediatri pneumonia komunitas. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan observasional dengan rancangan pengambilan data secara prospektif yang dilakukan pada bulan November 2015 hingga Februari 2016 di instalasi rawat inap Rumah Sakit Daerah (RSD) Madani Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 28 pasien menunjukkan jumlah kejadian DRPs kategori obat tidak tepat sebanyak 1 kasus (1,7%), interaksi obat sebanyak 35 kasus (58,3%), dosis obat kurang sebanyak 18 kasus (30%), dosis obat lebih sebanyak 6 kasus (10%), dan obat tanpa indikasi sebanyak 0 kasus (0%).Kata kunci : Pneumonia komunitas, drug related problems, rawat inap.

Nigella plant genus has potential as anti-HIV. One species of Nigella, Nigella sativa has been reported to have HIV-1 protease enzyme inhibitory activity. This research aims to determine the compounds of the Nigella genus that have activity as HIV-1 protease enzyme inhibitory activity through molecular docking method by Autodock Vina and to compare interaction stability through molecular dynamics simulations by AMBER. The metabolite of the Nigella genus was obtained from the KnapSack website, and enzyme model was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (3NU3). The results of molecular docking found the lowest affinity energy of Nigella compound is Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite (-13.4 kcal/mol). Meanwhile, the affinity energy of the ligand native (Amprenavir) was -12.1 kcal/mol. The lowest affinity energy of Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite might be predicted to have potency as an HIV-1 Protease inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulation showed Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) value of Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite with the amino acid active site is 0.4064 Å for ASP:25 and 0.5667 Å for ASP: 125. Whereas RMSF ligand native with the amino acid active site, ASP: 25 is 0.3647 Å and ASP: 125 is 0.3639 Å. The higher RMSF value of Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite describes the lower interaction stability than the ligand native.