Summary Lithium‐ion batteries are among the most commonly used batteries to produce power for electric vehicles, which leads to the higher needs for battery thermal management system (BTMS). There are many key concerning points for the users of these batteries, which include reliability, safety, life cycle, and the operating temperature of the batteries. It is known through review that water is the best coolant for batteries, in which the maximum temperature was 43.3°C while the temperature of the coolant was 30°C during the discharge rate of battery pack at 4 C. An effective cooling system is necessary in prolonging the battery life, which controls the temperature difference between the batteries and the peak temperature of the battery. This review paper aims to summarize the recent published papers on battery liquid‐cooling systems, which include: battery pack design, liquid‐cooling system classification, and coolant performance. Furthermore, this study discusses other factors related to the recent studies, such as the properties and applications of different liquid coolants (oil and water) under the classification of liquid‐cooling system and the difference between passive and active, indirect and direct, and external and internal cooling systems are discussed. Moreover, this paper investigates the effect of temperature on the performance of battery in three aspects: low, high, and differential temperatures. Moreover, the study provides a systematic review of liquid‐based systems for direct and indirect contact modes.

No abstract

Electrical power systems usually suffer from instabilities because of some disturbances occurring due to environmental conditions, system failures, and loading conditions. The most frequently encountered problem is the loss of synchronization between the rotor angle and the stator magnetic angle for synchronous generators. The contribution of this study is that a nonlinear adaptive control approach called feedback error learning (FEL) is utilized to improve the small-signal stabilities of an electric power system. The power system under study is composed of a synchronous machine connected to infinite bus. Many advantages of FEL control approach makes it capable to robustly adapting with all possible operating conditions rather than using optimization algorithms for tuning the conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS) that is still unsatisfactory especially at some critical operating points. The performances of two controllers, namely the proposed FEL scheme and the conventional controller CPSS, are tested by Matlab simulations. It is found that the FEL controller can be effectively used as an alternative stabilizer for improving small-signal stabilities of the power system.