The article considers the language in use, in the process of interaction and as a sign system used in the process of communication, describes the functions of the language. The language is a system of discrete signs that serve to communicate and express the totality of person's ideas of the surrounding reality, and it is a social phenomenon. The basic functions of a language are interdependent when using the language and are implemented in various degrees. Researchers identify different functions of the language; many classifications depend on its ways of use. Social stipulation of the language is manifested in the expansion of the scope of the functions, the diversity of its forms, functional styles.

The results of research on the influence of potato, carrot, and pumpkin additives in the dough in the production of bakery products are presented. It has been found out that the vegetable components introduced into bread making have a positive effect on the quality of finished products, improving their organoleptic and nutritional properties. It has been discovered that the addition of vegetable purees in an amount of 5 to 25 % significantly improves the quality of raw gluten flour with reduced baking properties. The introduction of natural additives in products not only improves the quality characteristics of products, but also allows expanding the range of products for healthy eating.

The purpose of this article is to consider the development of methods of teaching foreign languages (in particular, Russian as a foreign language) in scientific and educational literature, and to analyze common textbooks and manuals for teaching Russian grammar to Spanish-speaking students. The following research methods are used: theoretical analysis, synthesis, comparison, analysis of scientific and methodological literature for teaching Russian language to Spanish-speaking students. Since the middle of the XX century both general and specific methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language have been published in Russia, gradually replacing one another. Textbooks based on comparative analysis between Russian and foreign languages began to appear, including those aimed at Spanish-speaking students. The article describes the progressive development of such techniques, in particular, the consciously-comparative and the consciously-practical methods. It is stated that innovative teaching methods focused on students" cognitive activity are very popular in recent years. Some methods of teaching foreign languages, both traditional and innovative ones, imply the possibility of taking into account the students" native language. The article also analyzes particular features of teaching Russian grammar to foreigners. The author mentions the most difficult Russian grammatical categories to study and the reasons for grammatical mistakes made by students. The article analyzes Russian and foreign reference books and textbooks for Spanish-speaking students and for teachers working with this category of students. In conclusion it is noted that most of the textbooks for Spanish-speaking students do not differentiate between Spanish and Latin American students and rely almost entirely on traditional teaching methods. Keywords: traditional teaching methods; innovative teaching methods; teaching languages; Russian as foreign language; Spanish-speaking students; students" native language; nationally oriented teaching.

The article investigates the process of the influence of an in-depth study of a foreign language on the transformation of the cognitive sphere of personality. Competence and knowledge of another culture, entering a foreign language space contribute to the development of the cognitive component, which includes obtaining information about foreign culture, traditions, cultural values: mores, customs, stereotypes of behavior and consciousness, assessments, opinions, interpretations, etc. This knowledge leads to the integration of society, to the growth of mutual understanding between people, their complementarity, solidarity, mutual assistance, etc. The development of cognition is mediated by the fact that a foreign language, as an additional channel of information into the system, increases the amount of knowledge that is the basis of mental activity, which has a positive effect on the quality of intelligence. Language has a huge impact on the formation of ideas about the world, is the basis of the development of thinking.

The article is devoted to the problem of intercultural communication. Intercultural communication is presented as a special communication process, having its own characteristics and passing conditions. The analysis of the process of intercultural interaction shows that the national and cultural specifics of communicative behavior affect the effectiveness of this process. Communicative behavior is conditioned by national mentality and is a component of national culture, as contained in national communication norms and rules. The article also emphasizes the connection between the communicative behavior of a person and his cognitive and linguistic consciousness. The author comes to the conclusion about the undoubted interrelation of interethnic communication with the awareness of one’s cultural identity, which is fixed in the linguistic consciousness of the individual and is reflected in his communicative behavior.