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Objective The aim of this study is to describe frontline physicians' perceptions of the impact of racial–ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID‐19 infection and mortality on their occupational well‐being. Methods One hundred and forty‐five qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted between February 2021 and June 2022 with hospital medicine, emergency medicine, pulmonary/critical care, and palliative care physicians caring for hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in four US cities. Results Physicians reported encountering COVID‐related health disparities and inequities at the societal, organizational, and individual levels. Encountering these inequities, in turn, contributed to stress among frontline physicians, whose concerns revealed how structural conditions both shaped COVID disparities and constrained their ability to protect populations at risk from poor outcomes. Physicians reported feeling complicit in the perpetuation of inequities or helpless to mitigate observed inequities and experienced feelings of grief, guilt, moral distress, and burnout. Conclusions Health inequities are an under‐acknowledged source of physicians' occupational stress that requires solutions beyond the clinical context.

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