Background: Measles vaccine made the global efforts for measles elimination possible. Even with the vaccine coverage of 98%, an outbreak of measles was detected in Al-Jowf region in the north of Saudi Arabia between January 1st and March 18th 2019. This investigation is to describe the characteristics and epidemiology of the outbreak. And to identify the risk factors.Methods and materials: Using the surveillance data, an analytical cross-sectional study done on cases reported to the regional infection control unit from (01/01/2019) to (18/03/2019). Cases were investigated using the Saudi MOH measles standard protocols based on the WHO definitions including patients demographic and Vaccination information, the clinical criteria for measles during the prodromal period followed by the maculopapular rash and the laboratory case confirmation by measles IgM antibody detection. Epi-info7 and excel-360 were used for statistical analysis.Results: A total of 780 cases. The average age 7 years (±11 m). Geographically, 97% of the cases were from five cities are Tubarjal (89% of cases), Sakaka, Dumah Al Jandal, Maiqoa, And Al-Qurayyat. All cases were presented with rash and fever only. 64.8% of serum results came positive for measles IgM. 41% of cases under age of 5 were not due the age of vaccination (9 months). Unvaccinated cases 32% OR = 0.96 and p-value = 0.83. Cases received the mono measles vaccine before 40% OR = 1.03 and p-value = 0.87. Cases received MMR vaccine 1 dose only 11% OR = 1.63 and pvalue = 0.10. Cases received MMR vaccine 2 doses 23% OR = 0.49 and p-value = 0.027. None of the cases had contact with measles patients or history of traveling. All the cases were recovered with no complications. Conclusion:The goal of this investigation is to describe the characteristics and epidemiology of the measles outbreak in Al-Jowf region (Janaury-18 March) 2019 and to identify the contributing factors. This study emphasized that vaccination is protective (OR = 0.49) specially after the second MMR dose, and the incidence is more among the unvaccinated individuals. But it may cause mild symptoms similar to the wildtype infection. The mean age was (7 years ± 11 m) this requires more investigation regarding the exposure among school-aged children. Further study needed regarding perception and attitude regarding vaccination.

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Background: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common spreading diseases in Saudi Arabia. In addition, HbA1C is the gold standard measure for diabetes glycemic control, so the aim is to reduce the HbA1C to minimize the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Aim: To measure the use of therapeutic insulin pumps for type 1 diabetic patients and asses the HbA1C level before and after the insulin pump insertion. Methods: A crosssectional study was done to type 1 diabetic (T1D) on a Medtronic insulin pump with a sensor (basal vs. IQ) in KSH and a virtual clinic. Conclusion:Insulin pump therapy considers an ideal solution for the reduction in HbA1C, increased patients' treatment satisfaction, and maintaining glycemic control compared to injectable insulin.

The Coronavirus disease 2019, is a global pandemic that has brought a significant health challenge all over the world. Oman reported its first case of COVID-19 on 24 February 2020. Understanding patient characteristics and demand on the healthcare system is essential to ensuring Oman can continue to provide high quality care. The aim of this study is to describe the burden of COVID-19 and associated factors for more severe disease in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman. We retrieved demographic and clinical data from electronic medical records for all COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed patients in Al-Buraimi Governorate from February 1 to August 31, 2020. We assessed the factors for hospitalization and outcome (recovery/death) using descriptive statistics, chi-square test/fisher exact test, spearman’s correlation, and multivariable logistic regression model in Epi info 7, Microsoft excel and SPSS software (p ≤ 0.05 significance level). A total of 977 COVID-19 patients were identified, with a prevalence rate of 8.4 per 1000 in Al-Buraimi Governorate. The male: female ratio was 3.1:1. Of COVID-19 patients, 11.7% were hospitalized, and 1.5% died. Diabetes (12.2%) and hypertension (10.8%) were the most prevalent chronic conditions among COVID-19 patients. Older patients (>60 years old) and those with comorbidities (chronic kidney disease, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension) were prone to hospitalization (p <0.001), intensive care (p <0.001), and death (p <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that these risk factors were significantly associated with hospital admission (OR= 5.905, 95% CI 3.923–8.889; p <0.001), ICU admission (OR= 4.363, 95% CI 1.952–9.750; p <0.001), and death (OR= 6.785, 95% CI 2.295–20.062; p<0.001). A higher incidence of cases were observed among men and Omanis. Public health messaging for COVID-19 prevention should be tailored to inform these groups to slow the spread. Our findings are consistent with other studies, and local healthcare providers should be informed of the risk for severe disease among older patients and those with comorbidities, importance of early diagnosis, and prompt treatment.