Introduction: The paper aims to estimate consumers’ demand for personal protecting products (PPP) from COVID-19. Thus, the paper collected primary data on consumers’ demand for PPP utilizing the timeframe of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The paper uses two sample t-test and Anova test to examine mean differences in the quantity consumed of PPP. Also, the paper uses Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) to estimate the responsiveness of quantity demanded of PPP for changes in prices and consumers’ income. Results: The results show that there is a significant difference in the mean of quantity demanded of facemasks among men and women. Also, the results show that there is a significant difference in the mean of quantity demand for facemasks, gloves, and hand sanitizer based on respondents’ level of education. In addition, the paper analyzed the effect of price and income changes on quantity demanded of PPP. The findings indicate that the quantity demanded of facemask and gloves are sensitive to changes in consumers’ income. Also, soap, hand sanitizer, and gloves were recognized as complementary products. Furthermore, facemasks were identified as a complementary product with glove use. Lastly, the own-price elasticities of demand revealed that the demand for PPP is price insensitive. Conclusions: the paper recommends that the consumer protection unit closely monitor the prices of PPP since the sellers have an opportunity to increase those products prices and maximize their revenue by exploiting the COVID-19 pandemic.
Purpose: Consumption of organic food among consumers in Saudi Arabia has increased in recent times due to increased awareness of health benefits of organic food. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the average amount a consumer is willing to pay in Saudi Arabia for fresh organic milk.Research Method: This paper used the Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice (DBDC) model to identify key determinants of consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for fresh organic milk. Findings:The results showed that organic product label, consumers' awareness about nutritional benefits of organic milk, agility, and income were key determinants of consumers' WTP for fresh organic milk. The paper estimated average consumers' willingness to pay for one litre of fresh organic milk to be SAR 14 while the nonparametric estimates of WTP ranged in values from as low as SAR 10 to as high as 12 SAR.Originality/value: The results are important to the domestic dairy companies and existing European organic long-life milk exporters to Saudi Arabia to initiate business ventures on organic fresh milk business.
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