As part of the study of the biodiversity of goat genetic resources, our study is based on a phenotypic approach of the Arbia breed at the level of the wilaya of Tlemcen on the one hand, and on a physicochemical analysis of the milk of this breed on the other hand. The baryometric approach addresses the characterization of the Arbia breed by the use of body measurements on 40 individuals (34 goats and 6 bucks), these measurements: HL, HW, EL, EW, WH, BH, SH, CP, HG, CD, SW, NL, BL, TBL, SIL, TL, PL, RW, IW and TW are  respectively : 23.16 ± 1.53 cm, 11.51 ± 2.13 cm, 16.47 ± 2.40cm, 7.30 ± 0.63cm, 69.79 ± 4.46 cm, 71.40 ± 4.74 cm, 72.28 ± 4.67cm, 8.58 ± 1.11cm, 79.36 ± 6.44 cm, 28.71 ± 3.17cm, 16.65 ± 2.80cm, 23.18 ± 2.19cm, 72.57 ± 7.14cm, 109.96 ± 7.55cm, 64.24 ± 5.26 cm, 12.30 ± 2.42cm, 15.59 ± 1.36 cm, 15.59±1.36cm, 21.28 ± 1.84cm, 11.97 ± 1.81cm and 16.77 ± 2.75cm. This characterization revealed a phenotypic dimorphism between males and females, with very highly significant differences (p<0.001) for  some of the body measurements used. The results of the PCA yielded 03 classes (n = 34, n = 05 and n = 01, respectively). While the performance aspect is carried out by physicochemical analyzes of 29 milk samples belonging to the individuals characterized, the analyzes F, D, C, S, P, L, T, S1 are respectively 56.90 ± 20, 24 g / l; 3.086 ± 3.62; 4.96 ± 0.41; 7.73 ± 1.78%; 27.35 ± 4.01 g / l; 4.21 ± 0.61g / 100ml; 19.18 ± 2.77C °; 0.70 ± 0.09%. These characteristics give good milk quality. This work encourages us to move forward towards the large-scale exploitation of goat herds with a focus on the steppe level where cattle experiencing production difficulties.