Background: Self-foot reflexology is effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by reducing symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, as numbness and pain, tingling and stimulate the circulation of blood to the feet directly which help in reducing the loss of sensation to the foot. Aim of study: Was to evaluate effect of foot reflexology technique on diabetic neuropathy patients' health outcomes. Design: A quasi-experimental design will be utilized to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted at inpatient and outpatient internal medicine department at Benha University Hospital. Subjects: A Purposive sample of 95 patients in the previous mentioned setting. Tools of data collection: I: Structured questionnaire assessment which composed of demographic data of patients, medical health history and neuropathy specific quality of life. II: Clinical base data assessment which composed of modified neuropathy sensory disability scale, blood glucose level and peripheral circulation test. Results: All (100%) of studied patients aged between 45-≤60 years old, all items of neuropathy-specific quality of life, modified neuropathy sensory disability, peripheral circulation and blood glucose level were improved post reflexology intervention for 90%, 87%, 72% & 60% of studied patients, respectively compared with pre-reflexology intervention with significant difference p≤0.01. Conclusion: Reflexology intervention is endorsed in improving QOL, diabetic peripheral neuropathy sensory, lowering blood glucose level and improve peripheral circulation of the diabetic neuropathic studied patients. Recommendations: Increase public awareness about efficacy & tolerability of foot reflexology in improving health outcomes as quality of life, sensation, blood glucose level and peripheral circulation of diabetic neuropathic patients.

Background: Exercise is the fundamental principle for preventing the peripheral arterial diseases among diabetic patients; one of these exercises is Buerger Allen exercise. Aim of the study: Was to evaluate the effect of Buerger Allen exercise on lower extremity perfusion among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted in medical department affiliated to Benha University Hospital, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sample consisting of 60 patients with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus included in the current study and divided into two groups, study (30) and control (30). Tools: Tool (I): Patient assessment questionnaire, Tool (II): Patient knowledge assessment questionnaire, Tool (III): Patients' observational assessment and Tool (IV): Assessment of lower extremity perfusion by measuring ankle brachial index and capillary refill time. Results: There were highly statistically significant differences at (p value ≤ 0.001) between both groups regarding total knowledge and practice through the study phases compared with preeducational program. Furthermore, post-application of Buerger Allen exercise, there were statistically highly significant difference between both groups regarding Ankle brachial index and Capillary refill time at p value<0.001 and p value 0.036 respectively compared to pre application of exercise. Conclusion: Post program implementation, there was marked improvement in total knowledge and practice level of patients in study group compared to control group. Additionally, Buerger Allen exercise implementation was effective method for improving the lower extremities perfusion among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recommendations: Encourage health care providers especially nurses to integrate Buerger Allen exercise in the care protocols of patients with diabetes mellitus in different health care settings.

Background: Prostatectomy is a common procedure to remove the prostate gland, most often for prostate adenocarcinoma, although occasionally performed for benign prostatic hyperplasia. This study aimed to: Assess the pre and postoperative voiding habits among patients undergoing prostatectomy. Research design: Descriptive research design was utilized in carrying out this study.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of gait impairment, resulting in long-term disability among adults, and frequently results in impaired mobility or motor function. Aim of study: Was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical training program on quality of muscles and activity level among stroke patients. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: The study was carried out at Neurologic and Psychiatric department, and Physiotherapy unit at

Background: Myasthenia gravis is the most prevalent medical disorder related to dysfunction of neuromuscular transmission. It mainly causes fluctuating muscle weakness, fatigability and decreasing activities of daily living. Aim of study: Was to evaluate the effect of education program on fatigue and activities of daily living among myasthenia gravis patients. Study design: A quasi-experimental design was used in the study. Setting: This study was conducted at neurological departments of Benha University Hospitals and Mansoura University. Sample: A purposive sampling was used in the current study and the sample size included (60 patients) with myasthenia gravis. Tool of data collection: (I) Patients' interviewing questionnaire, covering patients' demographic characteristics, medical and surgical history, their knowledge about myasthenia gravis. (II) Myasthenia gravis fatigue scale. (III) Activities of Daily Living, (IV) Myasthenia gravis Manual Muscle Test. Results: There was significantly improvement in patients' knowledge about disease, fatigue score, activities of daily living and manual muscle test post and at follow up compared to pre program where p<0.001. Conclusion: The educational program provided for studied myasthenia gravis patient has significantly increased their knowledge about disease and improved fatigue score, activities of daily living and muscle strength. Recommendation: Replication of this study is recommended on several clinical settings for generalizability of the research results to other hospitals.