This study investigates the nutritional and phytochemical composition of some selected aquatic plants to serve as indexes of nutritional values for both domesticated aquatic and terrestrial animals. Freshly harvested Nympheaa lotus (water lily), Pistia stratioties (water lettuce), Eichorrnia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach) were collected from Upper Jebba Basin, Niger State, Nigeria. The plants were cleaned to remove dirt, air-dried, grind and analysed for the proximate, minerals (macro and micro elements) contents and phytochemical properties (quantitative) using standard procedures. The result show that water spinach had the least mean moisture content of 6.25 ± 0.87% while water lily has the highest mean concentration of 8.78 ± 1.09% and significantly difference from other sampled plants (p>0.05). The percentage ash content of the samples shows a high value for water lettuce (16.20 ± 0.46) and also significant among the plant samples. The water lily recorded the lowest value of 9.0 ± 0.50% for crude fibre with water spinach having the highest (18.38 ± 0.88%) at a significant level (p>0.05). The crude protein of (26.45 ± 1.12%) in water spinach and (23.27 ± 0.85) in water lettuce are comparatively higher to17.93 ± 1.02% and 17.23 ± 0.02 recorded in water lily and water hyacinth respectively. Crude fat of 14.10 ± 1.15% in water lettuce is significantly lower to other plants. The carbohydrate level of 34.92 ± 1.53 is the highest in all plants analysed while the lowest content (22.12 ± 0.03%) was found in water spinach. For minerals content; K concentration was the highest of all macro-mineral elements, though varied among the sampled plants. Water spinach has the highest concentration of all analysed elements (9.82 for K; 4.24 ± 0.01 for Mg; 3.35 ± 0.01 for Ca and 3.23 ± 0.02 for Na)g/kg followed water lettuce, water hyacinth and water lily. The amount of Fe found in all sample was higher and range from 186.30 ± 0.10 µg/g in water lily to 197.5 ± 0.05 µg/g in water spinach while Cu, Mn and Zn are also constituted. The presence of some important phytochemical such as alkaloids (2.68 ± 0.01 µg/mg-4.12 ± 0.01 µg/mg), saponin (1.27 ± 0.03 µg/mg-1.38 ± 0.01 µg/mg), etc in all the plant samples could also makes the plants pharmacologically active and could be considered as good feed supplement by virtue of their proximate composition.

Fish protein is regarded as quality protein being rich in essential amino acids with a high digestibility value. The biochemical composition of the fish differs with the change in habitat as well as season. Samples of freshwater catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Upper Jebba Basin, Nigeria were analyzed during the dry and wet seasons to study the variation in proximate composition of nutrients and mineral content using standard procedures in dry weight basis. The results revealed the presence of the moisture content with an average mean of 4.26 ± 1.04% in dry season while wet season recorded 5.63 ± 1.27%. The ash content in dry and wet season is 6.10 ± 0.85% and 4.66 ± 0.46% respectively while the crude fibre were generally low with significantly variation (P<0.05) between 0.84 ± 0.12% in dry months and 0.57 ± 0.25% in wet months. The average mean values of crude protein were slightly higher at 64.47 ± 0.58% in wet months than 63.10 ± 2.10% in dry months. Variation in crude fat content for both season were within a narrow range with an average mean of 4.03 ± 0.16% and 4.09 ± 0.03% for dry and wet season respectively. Average Nitrogen Free Extract (Carbohydrate) of 20.76 ± 1.43% in dry season was comparatively higher than 19.86 ± 1.55% in wet months. The mineral composition of the fish in both seasons varied significantly (P<0.05) in Ca, K, Cu and Zn% mean concentration.