No abstract

Los objetivos de este trabajo son la determinación y caracterización de situaciones de temporal marino e inundación costera por rebase del oleaje en San Andrés (NE de Tenerife) entre 1984 y 2014. Para ello, se realiza un análisis estadístico de los parámetros de oleaje (Hs, Hmax, Tp, L y Dirección) y dirección y velocidad del viento a partir de datos de modelos numéricos de generación y propagación de uno y otro (SIMAR, Puertos del Estado). Se identifican 56 temporales tras el establecimiento de un umbral de riesgo de 2,6 metros de altura de ola significante (Hs) mediante la aplicación del percentil 99. A continuación, se examinan en detalle dos de ellos por lo representativo del comportamiento de las olas y situación atmosférica que los origina. Aunque el 57,1% de los temporales es invernal, se analizan dos inundaciones costeras acontecidas en verano, en relación con la marea viva astronómica. Se trabaja también con la prensa, pues permite constatar la incidencia social y económica de los fenómenos en estudio y reconocer inundaciones que no registran los modelos numéricos.

The small island areas oriented to coastal tourism are highly vulnerable to marine storms, given the fluctuation of this economic sector and the increase in its exposure due to the increasing anthropogenic presence on the coastline. In this context, the storms between 1958 and 2017 are studied here in the most important tourist enclaves of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, located in the municipalities of Arona and Adeje (SW of Tenerife) and in San Bartolomé de Tirajana and Mogán (S-SW of Gran Canaria). In order to perform the analysis, wave data from State Ports (Spain) (SIMAR-44 nodes, Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda of Spain) are used. A statistical study of the phenomena can help establish a threshold for the identification of a marine storm based on a significant wave height (Hs) of 2.7 m in Arona and Adeje and 1.7 m in San Bartolomé de Tirajana and Mogán. The application of this threshold identified 144 episodes in the SW of Tenerife and 154 in the S-SW of Gran Canaria. Their behavior is examined from, on the one hand, the duration, seasonality, type of waves and degree of severity that characterizes them; and, on the other, from the state of the atmosphere that concurs in its genesis by means of the Wetterzentrale synoptic maps. Finally, a first assessment of the effects of these stormy phenomena is made using local press reports on drowning, damage to urban furniture and port infrastructures and loss of sand on the beaches.

ResumenEn el marco de los desastres naturales en Canarias, se analiza la importancia que adquieren los temporales marinos en la isla de Tenerife. Su litoral presenta un elevado grado de urbanización y, por ello, constituye un territorio de riesgo por los efectos negativos que dichos fenómenos pueden ocasionar. Con este motivo, se procede al estudio del comportamiento del oleaje y del viento, entre 1985 y 2003, lo que permite identificar y caracterizar 30 episodios costeros que entrañan peligro de un total de 65 temporales producidos. El examen de una serie de eventos significativos, como los ocurridos el 7/I/2000, 15/XI/2002 y 13-14/IV/2003 en la vertiente norte y oeste de la isla y el 11-13/IV/1987, 9-11/X/1998 y 6-7/I/2002 en la este y sur, posibilita determinar, además, cuáles son las situaciones atmosféricas que provocan los temporales marinos y señalar las modalidades dominantes en las costas según su orientación. De ello resulta el establecimiento de dos tipos de temporal: los de swell en el litoral norte y oeste, fruto de una depresión por encima de 40º N, y los de sea en el este y sur, coincidiendo con una configuración anticiclónica o una depresión sobre el archipiélago. Por último, se valoran las secuelas que, desde el punto de vista social, causan los episodios más representativos. Palabras clave: Desastre natural, riesgo, temporal marino, Tenerife, Canarias. AbstractIn the context of the natural disasters in the Canary Islands, the importance of marine seals in the island of Tenerife is analyzed. The Tenerife coastline is highly urbanized and is, therefore, a risk area because of the negative effects that this phenomenon can cause. The study of the wave and the wind behavior, between 1985 and 2003, makes it possible to identify and characterize 30 adverse coastal events of a total of 65 temporary produced. The examination of a series of significant events, such as those that occurred on 7/I/2000, 15/XI/2002 and 13-14/IV/2003 on the north and west sides of the island and 11-13/IV/198711-13/IV/ , 9-11/X/199811-13/IV/ and 6-7/I/2002 in the east and south, can also be used to determine the atmospheric conditions caused by marine storms and to indicate the dominant modalities in the coasts according to their orientation. The result is the establishment of two types of storm: those of swell in the north and west coast, fruit of a depression above 40º N, and of sea in the east and south, coinciding with an anticyclonic configuration or a depression over the archipelago.

The small island areas oriented to coastal tourism are highly vulnerable to marine storms, given the fluctuation of this economic sector and the increase of its exposure due to the increasing anthropogenic presence on the coastline. In this context, the storms between 1958 and 2017 are studied here in the most important tourist enclaves of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, located in the municipalities of Arona and Adeje (SW of Tenerife) and in San Bartolomé de Tirajana and Mogán (S-SW of Gran Canaria). In order to perform the analysis, wave data from State Ports (Spain) (SIMAR-44 nodes, Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda of Spain) are used. A statistical study of the phenomena can help establish a threshold for the identification of a marine storm based on a significant wave height (Hs) of 2.7 meters in Arona and Adeje and 1.7 meters in San Bartolomé de Tirajana and Mogán. The application of this threshold identified 144 episodes in the SW of Tenerife and 154 in the S-SW of Gran Canaria. Their behavior is examined from, on the one hand, the duration, seasonality, type of waves and degree of severity that characterizes them; and, on the other, from the state of the atmosphere that concurs in its genesis by means of the Wetterzentrale synoptic maps. Finally, a first assessment of the effects of these stormy phenomena is made using local press reports on drowning, damage to urban furniture and port infrastructures and loss of sand on the beaches.