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Fibres Reinforced Concrete has received much interest in the concrete research world over the last few decades. Assimilating fibres into concrete structures has many advantages. Previous study discovered that the addition synthetic or natural fibres to concrete enhanced the material’s thermal properties as well as its strength to some extent. Fibres, on the other hand, have an influence on the thermo-mechanical properties of concrete. The aim of this research is to see whether applying Polypropylene and Kenaf fibres to cement mortars of various compositions has any potential (0.1 %, 0.2 %, and 0.3%). Eight separate mixes were tested in this report. The addition of PP and Kenaf fibres reduced the workability of the mortar samples as measured by flow ability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity. In contrast to other ratios, cement mortar containing 0.1% PP and Kenaf fibres have highest compressive strength, while samples containing 0.3% recorded highest tensile strength which are 6.2 MPa and 7.2 MPa respectively. When higher percentages of both fibres are used in mortar samples, the thermal conductivity decreases. It can be inferred that adding a certain percentage of fibre to a composite can boost both mechanical and thermal properties.

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Coal Combustion Waste (CCW) fly ash, main component of coal ash waste generated at the Coal-Fired Power Plant throughout the year that causes the presents of toxic metals in the ash. Hence, pose significant health threats towards humans and environment. Cenosphere is a coal combustion by-product obtained from fly ash in boilers of coal fired power plants. The properties of cenosphere including spherical, lightweight, good thermal stability, chemical proof, heat resistance making it to have improved insulation. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of cenospheres production from three different coal fired power plants in Malaysia namely Jimah, Kapar and Manjung. The wet method was used for cenospheres separation from the fly ash. The percentages of cenospheres ranged from 1 to 1.2% of every 1000 gram of fly ash. The mean sizes were 95.86μm 88.64μm, 49.04μm for Jimah, Kapar and Manjung respectively. Cenosphere evacuated by utilizing water as a medium, it will expend a lot of water and lead to water contamination cause of leaching of toxic material while extracting the cenosphere from fly ash. Nevertheless, any health and environmental impacts from the value-added physical application of cenospheres in civil engineering materials must be screened via strict monitoring and legislated guidelines.

In the past decades, Fiber Reinforced Concrete has been gaining more attention in the concrete research development. There are many advantages of the inclusion of fiber into reinforced concrete structures. It was found that the inclusion of fibers in concrete, be it synthetic or natural, resulted in the improvement of the thermal properties of concrete, as well as its strength to some extent. However, the inclusion of fibers in concrete does affects its thermo-mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to identify the potential of the addition Polypropylene and Kenaf fibers in cement mortar at different compositions (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). Eight mixes were analyzed for this purpose. Upon investigating the flow ability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity of the mortar samples, it was found that the incorporation of PP and Kenaf fibers reduced the flow ability. Cement mortar samples containing 0.1% addition of PP and Kenaf fibers show the highest compressive strength compared to other percentages, while samples containing 0.3% addition of PP and Kenaf fibers show the highest tensile strength compared to other percentages. The thermal conductivity of mortar samples shows reduction when high percentages of both fibers were used.