The experiences of 72 adolescent musicians who had been members of an advanced youth symphony orchestra or concert band were investigated. An online survey explored previous participation and the importance of past experiences when making future decisions about participation. Previous experience was very positive. Enjoyment of public performances, a sense of musical satisfaction from participating, and opportunities to meet new people and spend time with other musicians were highly rated. First-time decisions to participate were primarily influenced by positive feedback from friends and peers while ongoing participation tended to be based on the positive experience of the musical and social aspects of participation rather than contextual aspects such as location or the input of significant others such as instrumental teachers or parents.This investigation, carried out in Scotland, explored adolescent musicians' experience of participation in two advanced youth music ensembles outside school. A framework for data collection was developed to evaluate key dimensions of experience of advanced music ensembles and assess whether those same dimensions were important for future participation. Our intention was to draw together aspects identified in related literature as being important in determining participation, in particular that relating to instrumental learning and extracurricular involvement.Instrumental learning is a complex process; as Welch (2007) argues, musical development does not occur in a vacuum but is a product of interaction over time between biology, developmental and environmental aspects. For example, while personal desire has been identified as an important reason for starting to learn an instrument (MacKenzie, 1991), context-oriented feelings of

Abstracts -13th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicineempowerment, this might prove to be effective. Lastly, there is a need for process documentation to demonstrate how the team's unity of efforts, respect and trust for each other, and collegiality, as well as transparency in the team's efforts, are working and being developed, and how interand trans-disciplinary concepts are emerging. Purpose: To make salient the importance of the role of structured-team, peer support in improving the resiliency of medical volunteers.Based on qualitative research currently being conducted in the Psychology Department at the University of Melbourne, this presentation reports on the team factors identified by medical, humanitarian-aid volunteers as significant in contributing to levels of welfare and psychological resiliency in the field. Overwhelmingly, medical volunteers have identified team support in the field as an essential element to improving their efficiency and in defusing cumulative stress whilst on a mission.Leading on from a presentation of the findings of the research, the principles of a practical working model of peer support are presented as a means by which an expatriate team working together in the field, can implement a more structured team support process in a relatively informal way, but one aimed to optimize a greater level of support for the individual members of that team. Argentine Society for Psychotrauma, Buenos Aires, Argentina SAME, Buenos Aires EMS, has some 400 ambulance drivers, 70 radio operators and 1,500 doctors. The Human Factors team (psychiatrists and psychologists) treats these emergency personnel who constantly are exposed to chronic and acute stress, and also the general public in the case of major accidents or natural disasters. Experiences in treating the people involved (direct victims, relatives, and the emergency personnel) on the occasion of the October 1997 Austral Airlines DC-9 crash with 70 passengers on board and no survivors, and the August 1999 Lapa Airlines Boeing 737 crash at the Buenos Aires City airport in which 67 people lost their lives and 33 survived, will be discussed. Hypothesis of the Entrapment in the Emergency WorkThe SAME personnel constantly are faced with traumatic situations, usually not unique, but daily and accumulative. This constant exposure gives rise to high cortisol levels, catecholamine hyper-secretion, and an increased release of opioids. In time, high cortisol levels produce depressive upsets, in the same way as the catecholamine depletion which follows long-term hypersecretion.But, the emergency has another outstanding characteristic: it is a therapy for the very situation it creates or helps to create. At the moment of attending an emergency, a typical fight or flight response situation, cortisol is released, which in its acute form, contrary to the normal chronic depressogenic effects, has antidepressive effects. Furthermore, the release of catecholamines and opioids also has antidepressive results.Finally, a hypothesis with regard to ...