Critically ill dogs are at increased risk for FO during hospitalization, and a weak but significant association exists between %FO, illness severity, and mortality. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm the findings of this retrospective study.

Objective: To describe the successful management of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in conjunction with conventional medical management. Case Summary:A 6-year-old neutered male Australian Cattle Dog diagnosed with IMHA developed severe hyperbilirubinemia and stupor within the first 48 hours of implementing immunosuppressive therapy consisting of corticosteroids and mycophenolate. The patient received 4 blood transfusions during this period, but remained severely anemic PCV (18%) and experienced a subsequent increase in total bilirubin from 78 µmol/L (4.6 mg/dL) to a peak value of 1,563 µmol/L (91.4 mg/dL). The patient's neurological status rapidly deteriorated, resulting in lateral recumbency, vertical nystagmus, extensor rigidity, and stuporous mentation. Over the next 3 days, TPE was provided once every 24 hours, decreasing serum bilirubin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). The patient's red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements decreased immediately, requiring only 1 transfusion over the next 7 days that was required due to procedureassociated blood loss. Gradual neurological improvement was noted as serum bilirubin decreased. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal any structural abnormalities and the patient was discharged after 11 days of hospitalization. Following discharge, the patient had complete remission of IMHA without any residual neurological deficits. Therapeutic plasma exchange played an integral role in case management and was successful in reducing bilirubin, IgG, and IgM. New or Unique Information Provided: Bilirubin encephalopathy has been rarely reported in small animal medicine and cases have been limited to postmortem documentation. This is the first suspected case of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in a dog that survived and describes the clinical course of disease. The kinetics of serum bilirubin, IgG, and IgM concentrations before and after TPE and throughout the hospitalization period are also described. K E Y W O R D Sanemia, canine, hyperbilirubinemia, plasmapheresis Abbreviations: IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; IMHA, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PO, per os; RBC, red blood cells; RI, reference interval; TPE, therapeutic plasma exchange; TPP, total plasma protein.

Objective: To determine signalment, injury type, trauma severity score, and outcome of feline trauma patients undergoing surgical (emergency room [ER] and operating room [OR]) and nonsurgical treatments in addition to time to surgery, specialty services involved, and cost in the OR surgery population. Design: Retrospective evaluation of medical record and hospital trauma registry data on feline trauma cases. Setting: University teaching hospital. Animals: Two hundred and fifty-one cats presenting for traumatic injury between May 2017 and July 2020. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Demographics and outcomes were compared for cats undergoing surgical intervention in an OR (12%, 31/251) or an ER (23%, 58/251) setting and feline trauma patients without surgical intervention (65%, 162/251).Between the 2 surgical groups, 99% survived to discharge compared to 73.5% of the nonsurgical group (P < 0.0001). For the OR surgical cohort, electronic medical records were reviewed to determine the specialty surgery service involved, time to and duration of anesthesia and surgery, and visit cost. The most common surgery services involved were orthopedics (41%, 12/29) and dentistry (38%, 11/29), and the most common surgeries performed were mandibular fracture stabilization (8/29) and internal fixation for long bone fractures (8/29). The ER surgical group had a significantly lower Animal Trauma Triage score than the OR group (P < 0.0001), but a significant difference was not found between OR surgical and nonsurgical groups (P = 0.0553). No difference in modified Glasgow Coma Scale score was found between any groups.

Purpose: To describe the treatment of an acidic chemical corneal ulceration in a puppy secondary to nail polish spilling on and adhering to the cornea.