Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is considered the main defoliating insect pest of maize in many countries. Silicon (Si) applied to plants has been shown to increase the resistance to insects, especially in grasses such as maize. This study characterized the effects of Si fertilization regarding priming, induced resistance, and tolerance to FAW in a landrace variety and hybrid of maize. Si was applied in soil of potted-plants as H 4 SiO 4 at 2 t ha − 1 when maize plants were at V2 stage, and when they reached V3 two FAW neonates were infested in the plants whorls. Plants at V4 were reinfested with a 4thinstar larva that was kept feeding until V5 stage. Concentrations of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde were used as proxies of injury and oxidative stress, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were related to Si-induced responses on plants growth, and FAW injury and performance. As main results, there was reduced FAW injury and larval weight gain in Si-treated plants subjected to herbivory. Greater root dry mass was observed in the landrace variety with Si and without herbivory. Landrace plants showed higher shoot weights than the hybrid under FAW infestation. Si-fertilized plants showed higher H 2 O 2 concentrations.The highest peroxidase activities occurred in Si-treated plants without herbivory, and the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were highest in Si-treated plants without herbivory or herbivory-injured plants without Si. These results are important for characterizing the Si-induced defense effects in maize to FAW, which can bene t the strategic use of Si in integrated pest management. Key MessageSpodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest that threatens food security in many countries.Plants of maize landrace and hybrid were fertilized with Si to characterize triggered defense responses regarding induced resistance, priming, and tolerance to insect herbivory.Si effects on insect performance, plant growth, and antioxidant enzyme activities were more speci c to maize landrace and varied in conditions with and without herbivory.Si primed chemical defenses in landrace maize that were potentiated by induction of resistance following insect herbivory.

O picão-preto é uma planta daninha encontrada em lavouras anuais e perenes no Brasil. Em decorrência da aplicação de produtos químicos alguns biótipos da espécie B. pilosa tem apresentado resistência, dessa forma estudos recentes têm avaliado a eficiência de substâncias alelopáticas como alternativa no controle do picão-preto. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito alelopático das folhas de Callistemon viminalis sobre a germinação de picão-preto. Para tal, foram avaliadas cinco concentrações de extratos de C. viminalis 0% (testemunha), 20%, 25%, 50%, 100%, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada por meio da avaliação da germinação das sementes, realizando-se leituras diárias durante quatorze dias. Os dados foram submetidos ao pacote Seedcalc, gerando variáveis de germinação final e índices de vigor, os quais foram submetidos ao teste de Shapiro-Wilk a (p≤0,05), seguido do teste de Scott-Knott (p≤0,05), utilizando-se do software R. O extrato de C. viminalis provocou efeitos negativos e positivos na germinação e nos índices de vigor das sementes, sendo a concentração de 20% estimulante e as concentrações de 25%, 50% e 100% inibitórias. Portanto os extratos de C. viminalis apresentaram ação alelopática na germinação de sementes de picão-preto.

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Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is considered the main defoliating insect pest of maize in many countries. Silicon (Si) applied to plants has been shown to increase the resistance to insects, especially in grasses such as maize. This study characterized the effects of Si fertilization regarding priming, induced resistance, and tolerance to FAW in a landrace variety and hybrid of maize. Si was applied in soil of potted-plants as H4SiO4 at 2 t ha− 1 when maize plants were at V2 stage, and when they reached V3 two FAW neonates were infested in the plants whorls. Plants at V4 were reinfested with a 4th-instar larva that was kept feeding until V5 stage. Concentrations of H2O2 and malondialdehyde were used as proxies of injury and oxidative stress, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were related to Si-induced responses on plants growth, and FAW injury and performance. As main results, there was reduced FAW injury and larval weight gain in Si-treated plants subjected to herbivory. Greater root dry mass was observed in the landrace variety with Si and without herbivory. Landrace plants showed higher shoot weights than the hybrid under FAW infestation. Si-fertilized plants showed higher H2O2 concentrations. The highest peroxidase activities occurred in Si-treated plants without herbivory, and the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were highest in Si-treated plants without herbivory or herbivory-injured plants without Si. These results are important for characterizing the Si-induced defense effects in maize to FAW, which can benefit the strategic use of Si in integrated pest management.