Background We aimed to evaluate the association of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) with sleep quality during the covid-19 pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional, population-based study in adults, conducted from October to December 2020 in the Iron Quadrangle region, Brazil. The outcome was sleep quality, evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SB was assessed by self-report of total sitting time, before and during the pandemic. Individuals with ≥ 9 hours of total sitting time were classified as SB. In addition, the ratio of time spent in MVPA to time in SB was analyzed. A contrasted directed acyclic graph (DAG) model was constructed to adjust logistic regression models. Results A total of 1629 individuals were evaluated, the prevalence of SB before the pandemic was 11.3% (95%CI: 8.6–14.8) and during the pandemic 15.2% (95%CI: 12.1–18.9). In multivariate analysis, the chance of poor quality sleep was 81% higher in subjects with SB ≥ 9 hours per day (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.10–2.97). Furthermore, a one-hour increase in SB during the pandemic, increased the chance of poor sleep quality by 9% (OR: 1.09; 95%CI 1.01–1.18). In the analysis of the ratio of MVPA per SB in individuals with SB ≥ 9h, practicing 1 minute of MVPA per hour of SB reduces the chance of poor sleep quality by 20.5% (OR: 0.83; 95%CI: 0.70–0.96). Conclusion SB during the pandemic was a factor associated with poor sleep quality, and the practice of MVPA can reduce the effects of SB.

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência de 1996 a 2017 e projetar de 2018 a 2022 a taxa de homicídios em homens jovens, segundo faixa etária, no estado de Mato Grosso. Métodos: Trata-se de Estudo ecológico, exploratório, de tendência temporal. Para modelagem da série e predição da taxa de homicídios para o período de 2018-2022, utilizou-se o método ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average). Resultados: Verificou-se a tendência temporal crescente de homicídios em homens jovens (15 a 29 anos), com manutenção de taxas altas para a população masculina de 15 a 19 anos. A previsão para o quinquênio 2018-2022 indicou elevação das taxas de homicídios entre homens jovens, revelando crescimento maior em adolescentes, mesmo com menores taxas ao longo dos anos. Conclusão: Este estudo indicou tendência crescente de homicídios em homens jovens em Mato Grosso, sobretudo em adolescentes. Visto que o homicídio possui variadas facetas fomentadoras admite-se que número substancial de homicídios deste estrato social poderia ser evitado seguindo estratégias eficazes de prevenção por meio de políticas públicas.

Background: Despite global interest in gender disparities and social determinants of hypertension, research in urban areas and regions with a high prevalence of hypertension, such as Latin America, is very limited. The objective of this study was to examine associations between the individual- and area-level socioeconomic status and hypertension in adults living in 230 cities in eight Latin America countries. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used harmonized data from 109,184 adults (aged 18-97 years) from the SALURBAL (Salud Urbana en America Latina/Urban Health in Latin America) project. Hypertension was assessed by self-report. The individual-, sub-city- and city-level education were used as proxies of socioeconomic status. All models were stratified by gender. Results: While individual-level education was positively associated with higher odds of hypertension among men (university education or higher versus less than primary: Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45-1.83) the reverse was true among women (university education or higher versus lower than primary: OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.60-0.73), with both associations showing a dose-response pattern. For both genders, living in sub-city areas with higher educational achievement was associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR per standard deviation [SD] = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.10; OR = 1.09 per SD, 95%CI = 1.03-1.16, for women and men, respectively). The association of city-level education with hypertension varied across countries. In Peru, there was an inverse association (lower proportion of hypertension with a better education at the city level) in women and men, in other countries, no association was observed. Conclusion: The social patterning of hypertension differs by gender and by the level of analysis highlighting the importance of context- and gender-sensitive approaches and policies to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Latin America.