Alpiniamide A is a linear polyketide produced by Streptomyces endophytic bacteria. Despite its relatively simple chemical structure suggestive of a linear assembly line biosynthetic construction involving a hybrid polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzymatic protein machine, we report an unexpected nonlinear synthesis of this bacterial natural product. Using a combination of genomics, heterologous expression, mutagenesis, isotope-labeling, and chain terminator experiments, we propose that alpiniamide A is assembled in two halves and then ligated into the mature molecule. We show that each polyketide half is constructed using orthogonal biosynthetic strategies, employing either cisor trans-acyl transferase mechanisms, thus prompting an alternative proposal for the operation of this PKS-NRPS.

Objective To evaluate etonogestrel (ENG)‐implant acceptance during the immediate postnatal period among adolescents and young women during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to compare variables according to choice and discuss possible implications of this measure during the pandemic period. Methods A cross‐sectional study was designed. All women aged up to 24 years, who delivered between April 25, 2020, and June 24, 2020, at Women's Hospital, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil were considered. The ENG‐implant or other contraceptive methods were offered prior to hospital discharge. The participants were split into two groups: (1) those who chose the ENG‐implant and (2) those that refused the implant. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Results 151 women were included, with 76.2% selecting the ENG‐implant. The average age was 19.5 years; 73.2% of pregnancies were unplanned, 32.5% already had a previous pregnancy, 74% were single, and 75.5% were not in full time education. Further, 70.5% had previously used contraceptives, with 89.1% unsatisfied with their previous method that opted for the ENG‐implant (P = 0.07). Conclusion Offering the ENG‐implant to youths during the immediate postnatal period is evidence‐based care, and contraceptive provision is an essential health promotion tool, even during a pandemic. Thinking quickly about public policies in times of crisis is important to guarantee sexual and reproductive rights.

BACKGROUND: Racial disparities are differences among distinct subgroups of the human species; biologically, there are no scientifically proven reasons for them to exist. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of racism or racial discrimination on obstetric outcomes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review conducted at a tertiary/academic hospital. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, SCOPUS/EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Studies presenting any type of racial discrimination, or any manifestation of racism that was perceived by women of any age in an obstetric scenario were included. Studies that only assessed racial disparities without including direct racism were excluded. The secondary outcomes evaluated included quality of antenatal care, intra and postpartum care, preterm birth and birthweight. The Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies -of Interventions (ROBINS-I) scale was used to assess the quality of evidence from non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 508 records were retrieved and 29 were selected for qualitative synthesis. No meta-analysis could be performed due to the high heterogeneity across studies. Perceived racism was associated as a risk factor in 7/10 studies focusing on pregnancy and postpartum maternal outcomes, five studies on preterm birth, one study on small for gestational age and two studies on low birthweight. Overall, among the 29 studies, the risk of bias was classified as moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived racism presented an association with poor obstetric outcomes. Anti-racist measures are needed in order to address the problems that are causing patients to perceive or experience racism.

800 e 1.200 mg dm-3) enquanto que segundo correspondeu a cinco períodos de incubação (0; 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias). Foram avaliados os teores de Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ , K + , Na + e os valores de pH, CEes, PST e a CTC do solo. O enxofre elementar influenciou positivamente os atributos químicos do solo, aumentando os teores de Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ e o valor da CTC do solo, reduzindo o teor de Na + trocável e os valores de pH, PST, proporcionando assim melhor fertilidade. Os períodos de incubação também proporcionaram melhores resultados na ação do enxofre elementar. Contudo, para que se possa atingir valores os pH 6,5 e PST 15%, adequados para a maioria das culturas agrícolas, se faz necessário períodos de incubação de 58 e 184 dias, respectivamente. Já para atingir esses valores, em função das doses, se faz necessário doses de 3000 e 6539 mg de S 0 dm-3 de solo.

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