Educators must determine whether occupational therapy students are adequately prepared for Level II fieldwork once they have successfully completed the didactic portion of their coursework. Although studies have shown that students regard the use of video cameras and simulated patient encounters as useful tools for assessing professional and clinical behaviors, little has been published in the occupational therapy literature regarding the practical application of simulated patients or reflective video analysis. We describe a model for a final Comprehensive Practical Exam that uses both simulated patients and reflective video analysis to assess student preparedness for Level II fieldwork, and we report on student perceptions of these instructional modalities. We provide recommendations for designing, implementing, and evaluating simulated patient experiences in light of existing educational theory.

The study contributes to language teacher education research by emphasizing an English as a second language (ESL) teacher’s learning through critical activity, which includes my attempts to change my pedagogical practices to provide more equitable educational opportunities for ESL students in the mainstream contentclassroom. Framed by Engeström’s (2001) Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), the study’s purpose was to examine my own professional self-development as an ESL teacher in learning how to initiate and sustain collaboration with a seventh-grade social studies teacher at a suburban middle school in the southeastern United States. Data collection included self-study methods, specifically interviews, collaborative planning sessions, reflective journals, field notes, and e-mail exchanges with a critical friend. The findings showed how I learned to navigate the misuse of planning time and the misrepresentation of collaborative teaching notions as the two major contradictions in collaboration to plan for and teach ESL students. By resolving the contradictions, I negotiated a division of labour and enacted my agency to assume the position of a content social studies teacher, which ultimately sustained the collaborative activity. These findings attend to thecomplex factors that influence an ESL teacher’s professional self-development and agency in collaboration with a social studies teacher. L’étude contribue aux recherches sur la formation des enseignantes et enseignants de langues en rehaussant l’apprentissage d’une enseignante d’anglais langue seconde (ESL) grâce à l’ajout d’une activité critique tenant compte des tentatives que j’ai faites pour modifier mes pratiques pédagogiques afin de fournir des opportunités éducatives plus équitables aux élèves d’anglais langue seconde au niveau de l’enseignement général. Encadrée par la théorie historico-culturelle de l’activité (CHAT) (2001) d’Engeström, l’étude avait pour objet l’examen de mon propre développement professionnel comme enseignante d’anglais langue seconde alors que j’entreprenais et maintenais une collaboration avec un professeur d’études sociales qui enseignait à des élèves de septième année dans une école moyenne de banlieue du sud-est des États-Unis. Les données de l’étude consistaient en des méthodes d’auto-évaluation, plus précisément des entrevues, des séances de planification concertée, des journaux de bord, des notes de terrain, et des échanges de courriels avec un ami critique. Les conclusions montrent comment j’ai appris à contourner le mauvais usage du temps de préparation et la représentation erronée des notions d’enseignement collaboratif, c’est-à-dire les deux principales contradictions présentes dans une collaboration visant à planifier et dispenser l’enseignement aux élèves d’anglais langue seconde. En résolvant les contradictions, j’ai négocié une répartition des tâches et adapté mon agentivité de manière à assumer le poste d’enseignante d’études sociales, ce qui a ultimement soutenu l’activité de collaboration. Ces conclusions traitent des facteurs complexes qui influent sur l’auto-développement professionnel et l’agentivité d’une enseignante d’anglais langue seconde en collaboration avec un professeur d’études sociales.

This paper reviews the earlier studies to synthesize the benefits and challenges of ESL and content teachers’ collaboration and discusses Amanda’s recent experiences of collaboration in a middle school in the Southeastern U.S. Previous studies document the collaborative benefits (DelliCarpini, 2018), which include teacher learning, increased ESL students’ participation, and strengthened professional partnerships. However, ESL and content teachers’ collaboration has yet to become a routine teaching practice in the U.S., particularly in secondary mainstream classrooms, because of the reported challenges (Dove & Honigsfeld, 2018), such as teachers’ incompatible personalities and beliefs (Arkoudis, 2003), conflicting schedules (Peercy, Ditter, & DeStefano, 2016), inconsistent administrative support (Villa, Thousand, Nevin, Liston, 2005), and the ESL teacher’s relegated role compared to the content teacher (Ahmed Hersi, Horan, & Lewis, 2016). In order for ESL and content teachers’ collaboration to be a pathway for equitable learning outcomes for ESL students, educational stakeholders, namely content teachers, ESL teachers, and school administrators, need to share responsibility for planning for and teaching ESL students. This begins with school administrators who can foster a culture of collaboration, and content and ESL teachers who can take steps to build and strengthen collaborative partnerships. More specific recommendations are discussed in the conclusion.

Given the growing emphasis on educational technology, it is necessary to inform educators on the best use of video as a course study tool. The aim of this project was to assess the difference between two types of video delivery methods in relation to occupational therapy student satisfaction and usage. Eighty-nine occupational therapy students used one of two types of video delivery methods for learning upper extremity goniometry: short videos embedded within e-learning modules or live lab video recordings available via a learning management system. Qualitative and quantitative data on student perceptions and usage were collected and analyzed. Students with access to e-learning module videos were more satisfied than those with access to live video recordings in terms of preparedness for exams, confidence, and accessibility. All students reported that access to videos was helpful in preparing for labs and exams. To maximize student satisfaction and usage, educators should consider providing short videos via e-learning modules.

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