The present meta-analytic review assessed the relations between coping categories and indices of adjustment in men with prostate cancer. Relevant methodological and statistical information was extracted from 33 target studies (n = 3,133 men with prostate cancer). Men with prostate cancer who used approach, problem-focused, and emotion-focused coping were healthier both psychologically and physically, although the effect sizes for problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping were more modest. For approach coping these effect sizes were particularly strong for measures of self-esteem, positive affect, depression, and anxiety. Conversely, men with prostate cancer who used avoidance coping experienced heightened negative psychological adjustment and physical health, and particularly for measures of positive mood and physical functioning. The findings of this study suggest that active approaches to coping with prostate cancer are beneficial psychologically, physically, and are positively associated with a return to pre-cancer activities.

No abstract

Finding explosive threats in complex environments is a challenge. Benign objects (e.g. rocks, plants and rubbish), ground surface variation, heterogeneous soil properties and even shadows can create anomalies in remotely sensed imagery, often triggering false alarms. The overarching goal is to dissect these complex sensor images to extract clues for reducing false alarms and improve threat detection. Of particular interest is the effect of soil properties, particularly hydrogeological properties, on physical temperatures at the ground surface and the signatures they produce in infrared imagery. Hydrogeological variability must be considered at the scale of the sensor's image pixels, which may be only a few centimetres. To facilitate a deeper understanding of the components of the energy distribution, a computational testbed was developed to produce realistic, process-correct, synthetic imagery from remote sensors operating in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This tool is being used to explore near-surface process interaction at a fine scale to isolate and quantify the phenomena behind the detection physics. The computational tools have confirmed the importance of hydrogeology in the exploitation of sensor imagery for threat detection. However, before this tool's potential becomes a reality, several technical and organizational problems must be overcome.

No abstract

This report describes a particle tracking computer program named PT123. The development of PT123 was supported in part by the Civil Works Basic Research project entitled "Efficient Resolution of Complex Transport Phenomena Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Techniques" and in part by the System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP). Given velocities, PT123 can track massless particles in 1-, 2-, and 3-D unstructured or converted structured meshes. The elements used to construct PT123 meshes are line elements in 1-D, triangular and/or quadrilateral elements in 2-D, and tetrahedral, triangular prism, and/or hexahedral elements in 3-D. One adaptive (embedded 4th-and 5th-order) and three non-adaptive (1st-, 2nd-, and 4th-order) Runge-Kutta (RK) methods are included in PT123 to solve the ordinary differential equations describing the motion of particles. The adaptive RK method allows the user to control tracking accuracy with specified error tolerances. The nonadaptive RK methods provide the user options to balance computational efficiency and accuracy by using lower order schemes for smooth velocity fields and higher order schemes for complex velocity fields. Both elementby-element (EBE) and non-element-by-element (NEBE) tracking approaches are incorporated into PT123. Both node-and element-based velocity can be used for particle tracking. PT123 can execute forward and backward tracking and output tracking history at a specified frequency. It tracks particles along the closed boundary and stops tracking when a particle encounters the open boundary through which particles enter or exit the computational domain. The start and end times of tracking are flexible as long as their corresponding velocities can be computed via temporal interpolation using the given velocities. This report is the first report of the series describing the development and application of PT123. It details the governing equation and numerical approaching associated with PT123 Version 1.0. Six test examples in multiple dimensions are used for verification and demonstration. The structure and the input guide of the computer program are given in the appendices. DISCLAIMER:The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.