Biological control of mosquitoes can have unintended ecological consequences. One example is the introduction of mosquitofish (Gambusia spp.) into ponds and wetlands.Mosquitofish are invasive in many parts of the world and have the potential to alter ecosystems by changing trophic interactions and extirpating amphibians. We sought to determine whether larval amphibians are capable of consuming larval mosquitoes as effectively as mosquitofish.We tested the predation ability of larval spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum Shaw, 1802; n = 13), southern leopard frog tadpoles (Lithobates sphenocephalus Cope, 1886; n = 12) and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard, 1853; n = 13) across a range of body sizes in laboratory experiments. Our results showed that over a 24-h period, salamander larvae (mean ± SE; 238 ± 14) and mosquitofish (195 ± 17) consumed a statistically equivalent number of mosquito larvae, while tadpoles consumed a large number (113 ± 14) but significantly less. All species had significant (or marginally significant) positive relationships between body size and rate of mosquito consumption. Further studies into the ability of native larval amphibians to consume mosquito larvae are needed to assess whether amphibians can be successful at mosquito control instead of introducing nonnative species to new areas. third instar mosquito larvae in 24 h. However, mosquitofish can disrupt food webs through competition for resources and predation (Pyke 2008;Shulse et al. 2013). Introduction of mosquitofish into water bodies that previous lacked them can has been shown to negatively impact amphibian (Shulse and Semlitsch 2014) and fish populations (Blanco et al. 2004). In fact, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists mosquitofish among the 100 worst invasive species worldwide (Lowe et al. 2000).Introductions of mosquitofish also may be unnecessary, as amphibians could potentially reduce mosquitoes on their own. Salamander larvae are obligate predators and anuran larvae can also be predatory (Schiesari et al. 2009). Previous work found that larval mole salamanders Anuran larvae may also reduce mosquito survival through competition for resources (Blaustein and Margalit 1994;Mokany and Shine 2003b). Together, these studies suggest that larval amphibians may be an underappreciated source of mosquito control, but more data are needed.Our aim was to compare the predatory ability of tadpoles, larval salamanders, and mosquitofish across the body size gradients found in natural systems. We hypothesized there would be differences in mosquito consumption across our three test species. Salamander larvae are predators that can have strong effects on lower trophic levels in fishless ponds (Morin 1983;Holomuzki et al. 1994), thus we predicted they would have a similar predation ability as fish.The limited information on tadpoles indicates they could be weak predators of mosquito larvae.Specifically, we predicted mosquitofish and salamander larvae would consume equivalent numbe...