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The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the updated 2019 CDC Worksite Health ScoreCard (CDC ScoreCard), which includes four new modules. Methods: We pilot tested the updated instrument at 93 worksites, examining question response concurrence between two representatives from each worksite. We conducted cognitive interviews and site visits to evaluate face validity, and refined the instrument for public distribution. Results: The mean question concurrence rate was73.4%. Respondents reported the tool to be useful for assessing current workplace programs and planning future initiatives. On average, 43% of possible interventions included in the CDC ScoreCard were in place at the pilot sites. Conclusion: The updated CDC ScoreCard is a valid and reliable tool for assessing worksite health promotion policies, educational and lifestyle counseling programs, environmental supports, and health benefits.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the differences among actual body size, perceived body size and ideal body size in overweight and obese young adult women. Methods Actual body size was assessed by body mass index (BMI) while self-perceived and ideal body sizes were assessed by the Body Image Assessment Tool-Body Dimension (BIAS-BD). Descriptive statistics were calculated and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on actual BMI as a function of perceived BMI. Results Of the 42 participants included in the study, 12 were overweight (25≤BMI<30), 18 were obese 1 (30≤BMI<35), and 12 were obese 2 (35≤BMI≤39.48). The mean ideal body size of participants was 25.34±1.33. Participants in general perceived their body size (BMI: 35.82±1.06) to be higher than their actual body size (32.84±0.95). Overweight participants had a significantly higher mean body size misperception than obese 2 individuals (μdif = −6.68, p<.001). Conclusion Perception accuracy of body size differs in women by BMI. Weight loss programs need to be tailored to consider body size misperception in order to improve treatment outcomes for overweight and obese young women.

Physical growth is an emergent process integrating a complex network of social, biological, and environmental interactions. The global diversity of body shapes and sizes reflects developmental plasticity in response to environmental exposures, both advantageous and adverse, and depicts an evolutionarily robust strategy for species’ survival. Epidemiologic surveillance efforts demonstrate that early life skeletal growth and body composition trajectories are associated with and predict adult chronic disease risks. Both human and animal studies have provided an evidentiary base for the physiological mechanisms by which differences in growth processes manifest as cell- and organ-level changes that influence disease susceptibility across the life course. This chapter leverages a systems biology approach to describe macro- and micropathways affecting growth from a global perspective, reflecting on auxology’s place in theoretical frameworks that help us to understanding past, present, and future health trends. Methodological challenges that face the field are considered, and recommendations to guide future research and policy efforts are offered with the aim of advancing the science of growth biology and its contributions to life course health development.