In this policy ethnography we examine the discourse related to unconventional natural gas development in western Pennsylvania in order to illuminate expressions of political power in attempts to manufacture consent. We focus on the overlapping spheres of influence between the state and capital to dissect techniques of governance as they operate at the level of civil society. Data collection from fieldwork and discourse analysis, particularly focused on discourse about recent legislation to regulate the booming natural gas industry in Pennsylvania, reveals the ways in which industry proponents attempt to corral public opinion to the goal of extracting and amassing capital. We analyze how industry actors try to gain and draw from the authority and approval of the state in those efforts. In turn, the state uses its socially sanctioned authority to reframe water, land, air, community, health, and self around a paradigm that interprets those as sources of profit. This case study examines how, under neoliberalism, the state organizes knowledge on the topic of fracking such that the balance of power shifts further out of democratic reach. Key Words: capital, discourse analysis, ethnography, fracking, Marcellus Shale, Pennsylvania Act 13, governance RésuméDans cette étude ethnographique nous examinons le discours relatif au développement de gaz naturel non classique dans l'ouest de la Pennsylvanie, pour éclairer les expressions du pouvoir politique ne sont utilisées pour fabriquer un consensus. Nous nous concentrons sur les sphères d'influence entre l'Etat et le capital fait chevauchement, interroger les techniques de gouvernance car elles opèrent au niveau de la société civile. La collecte des données de travail sur le terrain et l'analyse du discours, en particulier l'accent sur le discours sur la récente législation pour réglementer l'industrie du gaz naturel en plein essor en Pennsylvanie, révèle la façon dont les promoteurs de l'industrie tentent d'encercler l'opinion publique à extraire et accumuler du capital. Nous analysons comment les acteurs de l'industrie essaient de gagner et de tirer de l'autorité et de l'approbation de l'État dans ces efforts. En contrepartie, l'État utilise son autorité, socialement sanctionnée, pour recadrer l'eau, la terre, l'air, la communauté, la santé, et la personne autour d'un paradigme fait interprète les choses comme des sources de profit. Cette étude de cas examine comment, sous le néolibéralisme, l'Etat organise les connaissances sur le sujet de la fracturation hydraulique comme l'a fait la balance du pouvoir va plus loin hors de contrôle démocratique. Mots clés: Capital, analyse du discours, ethnographie, fracturation, Marcellus Shale, Pennsylvanie Loi 13, la gouvernance _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Dr. Anastasia Hudgins and Dr. Amanda Poole, Assistant Professors, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA. Emails: Anastasia.Hudgins "at" iup.edu, Amanda.Poole "at" iup.edu. The authors ...

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Ocular abnormalities occurring in farmed halibut at the Sea Fish Industry Authority Marine Farming Unit, Ardtoe, Argyll were investigated clinically and post mortem. A significant number of fish were found to have posterior polar cystic changes either causing scleral ectasia or gross degenerative posterior segment abnormalities with chorioretinal atrophy. Other ocular abnormalities included cataract formation and intraocular inflammation. In a small number of fish gas bubble formation in the anterior chamber was observed during capture and examination. It is possible that the lesions seen in these fish are a form of gas bubble disease although super-saturation, the cause of gas bubble disease previously reported in farmed fish, does not occur in the tanks in which these fish are housed. While this paper provides no answers with regard to the aetiopathogenesis of the lesions, it is hoped that it will stimulate discussion, leading to resolution of these questions through a multidisciplinary approach to the problem.

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