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Background: Pediatric orthopaedic fellowship directors (FDs) have a valuable impact on the education of trainees and future leaders in the field. There is currently no research on the characteristics of pediatric orthopaedic FDs. Methods: Programs were identified using the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America fellowship directory. Operative, nonoperative, and specialty programs were included. Data was collected through Qualtrics survey, e-mail, telephone, and online searches. Variables included demographics (age, sex, race/ ethnicity), Hirsch index (h-index) as a measure of research productivity, graduate education, residency and fellowship training, years of hire at current institution and as FD, and leadership roles. Results: Fifty-five FDs were identified. The majority (49/55, 89%) were male and 77% (27/35) were Caucasian. The mean age at survey was 51.1 ± 8.2 years. The mean h-index was 17.2. Older age correlated with higher h-index (r = 0.48, P = 0.0002). The average duration from fellowship graduation to FD appointment was 9.6 ± 6.7 and 6.9 ± 6.1 years from institutional hire. Sixteen FDs (29%) had additional graduate level degrees. Almost all (52/55, 95%) FDs completed orthopaedic surgery residencies and all graduated fellowship training. Twenty-nine percent (16/55) completed more than 1 fellowship. Most FDs (51/55, 93%) completed a fellowship in pediatric orthopaedic surgery. Ten FDs (18%) completed pediatric orthopaedic surgery fellowships that included spine-specific training. One-third of all current FDs were fellowship-trained at either Boston Children's Hospital (9/55, 16%) or Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children (9/55, 16%). Conclusions: Pediatric orthopaedic FDs are typically early-career to mid-career when appointed, with a strong research background. Nearly a third completed additional graduate degrees or multiple fellowships. Although male dominated, there are more female FDs leading pediatric orthopaedic programs compared with adult reconstruction, trauma, and spine fellowships. As fellowships continue to grow and diversify, this research will provide a baseline to determine changes in FD leadership.

BACKGROUND Fellowship directors (FDs) in sports medicine influence the future of trainees in the field of orthopaedics. Understanding the characteristics these leaders share must be brought into focus. For all current sports medicine FDs, our group analyzed their demographic background, institutional training, and academic experience. AIM To serve as a framework for those aspiring to achieve this position in orthopaedics and also identify opportunities to improve the position. METHODS Fellowship programs were identified using both the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine and the Arthroscopy Association of North America Sports Medicine Fellowship Directories. The demographic and educational background data for each FD was gathered via author review of current curriculum vitae (CVs). Any information that was unavailable on CV review was gathered from institutional biographies, Scopus Web of Science, and emailed questionnaires. To ensure the collection of as many data points as possible, fellowship program coordinators, orthopaedic department offices and FDs were directly contacted via phone if there was no response via email. Demographic information of interest included: Age, gender, ethnicity, residency/fellowship training, residency/fellowship graduation year, year hired by current institution, time since training completion until FD appointment, length in FD role, status as a team physician and H-index. RESULTS Information was gathered for 82 FDs. Of these, 97.5% ( n = 80) of the leadership were male; 84.15% ( n = 69) were Caucasian, 7.32% ( n = 6) were Asian-American, 2.44% ( n = 2) were Hispanic and 2.44% ( n = 2) were African American, and 3.66% ( n = 3) were of another race or ethnicity. The mean age of current FDs was 56 years old (± 9.00 years), and the mean Scopus H-index was 23.49 (± 16.57). The mean calendar years for completion of residency and fellowship training were 1996 (± 15 years) and 1997 (± 9.51 years), respectively. The time since fellowship training completion until FD appointment was 9.77 years. 17.07% ( n = 14) of FDs currently work at the same institution where they completed residency training; 21.95% ( n = 18) of FDs work at the same institution where they completed fellowship training; and 6.10% ( n = 5) work at the same institution where they completed both residency and fellowship training. Additionally, 69.5% ( n = 57) are also team physicians at the professional and/or collegiate level. Of those that were found to currently serve as team physicians, 56.14% ( n = 32) of them worked with professiona...

Background: Fellowship directors in orthopaedic trauma surgery have an immense impact on the current and future trainees within orthopaedics. The purpose of our study was to evaluate and better understand the characteristics that are shared among current orthopaedic trauma surgery fellowship directors to provide a framework for aspiring leaders and to present a demographic snapshot. Methods: Orthopaedic trauma fellowship programs were identified using the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Directory for 2019 to 2020. Data for each fellowship director was gathered via online review, email, telephone, and curriculum vitae collection. Results: Demographic information was gathered for 72 fellowship directors. Of these, 93% of the leadership was male. Additionally, 40 (55%) fellowship directors responded to the racial classification question. Of those responding, 37 identified as Caucasian, one as Asian-American, one as Hispanic/Latino, and one as African American. The mean age of the current fellowship directors (51.4 yr), h-index (15.1), year of residency (2001) and fellowship (2003) graduation, time of employment at current institution (13.8 yr), time since training until fellowship director appointment (9.8 yr) were analyzed. The top residency and fellowship programs that produced future fellowship directors were University of Pittsburgh (n=4) and Harborview Medical Center (n=17). Conclusions: Our investigation highlighted the qualifications of orthopaedic trauma fellowship directors and can guide future leaders. A select few institutions train a disproportionate share of the current fellowship directors. Gender and racial diversity are limited in this population of leaders. Level of Evidence: Level III.

Background and objectivesThe Care Companion Program (CCP) is an in-hospital multitopic skill-based training programme provided to families to improve postdischarge maternal and neonatal health. The states of Punjab and Karnataka in India piloted the programme in 12 district hospitals in July 2017, and no study to date has evaluated its impact.MethodsWe compared telephonically self-reported maternal and neonatal care practices and health outcomes before and after the launch of the CCP programme in 11 facilities. Families in the preintervention group delivered between May to June 2017 (N=1474) while those in the intervention group delivered between August and October 2017 (N=3510). Programme effects were expressed as adjusted risk ratios obtained from logistic regression models.ResultsAt 2-week postdelivery, the practice of dry cord care improved by 4% (RR=1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06) and skin-to-skin care by 78% (RR=1.78, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.27) in the postintervention group as compared with preintervention group. Furthermore, newborn complications reduced by 16% (RR=0.84, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.91), mother complications by 12% (RR=0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.97) and newborn readmissions by 56% (RR=0.44, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.61). Outpatient visits increased by 27% (RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.46). However, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, unrestricted maternal diet, hand-hygiene and being instructed on warning signs were not statistically different.ConclusionPostnatal care should incorporate predischarge training of families. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to improve maternal and neonatal care practices and outcomes through a family-centered programme integrated into public health facilities in low and middle-income countries.