Racial disparities in the outcomes of patients with CaP were observed in privately insured cohorts, whereas these disparities appeared to be reduced among patients with Medicaid insurance. However, outcomes need to be improved overall. Whether the equality in outcomes for Medicaid is due to white and African American patients doing "equally poorly" or "equally well" is unclear. Cancer 2018;124:752-9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among Black men are significantly worse in PSA-screening eligible populations. These results raise the possibility that Black men could be disproportionately impacted by recommendations to end PSA screening in the United States and suggest that Black race should be included in the updated USPSTF PSA screening guidelines.

Conservative management (active surveillance or watchful waiting) for low-risk prostate cancer is an increasingly used alternative to definitive radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy. 1,2 Given the underrepresentation of black patients in clinical trials and concern about underlying aggressive disease, 3,4 expert panels advise caution when applying conservative management to black patients. 1 Therefore, we examined recent trends in the use of active surveillance or watchful waiting in black men, as compared with nonblack men, with low-risk prostate cancer in the United States.

Nationally, academic cancer centers demonstrate similarly high rates of sociodemographic disparities in cancer treatment patterns as community cancer centers. Making community centers conform to academic center standards may not necessarily reduce treatment disparities. Cancer 2016;122:3371-3377. © 2016 American Cancer Society.