The objective of this study was to examine the profile of pregnant women who visited the Unified Health System of the municipality of Umuarama/PR and to analyze their use of drugs categorized as D and X according to the United States Food and Drug Administration FDA and contraindicated medicinal plants for evaluating the potential gestational risks.A cross-sectional ethnoepidemiological study using a questionnaire was conducted among 500 pregnant women from January to May 2017. According to the pregnant women, during the prenatal period, 67.8% did not receive information on the use of medicinal plants and 26.6% used contraindicated plants. Among the drugs used, 12.2% belonged to category "D" (anticonvulsants), and 2.4% belonged to category "X" (hormonal contraceptives). This work highlights the need to expand health promotion activities to the basic units and implement protocols and technical guidance tools as well as training of pharmaceutical professionals to educate the population on the risk of these drugs during pregnancy.
The Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common bacteria in the clinical practice once it uses to colonize the human skin from up to 15% and is easily found in the nasal cavities. It can cause diseases that goes since a simple infection (pimples, boils and cellulitis) until serious infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, septicemia and others. The present study aimed to analyze the published literature regarding the medicinal plants Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus spp., based on the main electronic libraries and database with the purpose of knowing the Antimicrobial Activity efficacy of some Medicinal plants. It is known that several bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, since they provide protection and nutrition against some pathogens and diseases, making difficult the harmful bacteria colonization; however, the bacteria that cause harm to the human health currently have high resistance to most antimicrobial and, based on this affirmative, several technological measures are suggested to solve the bacteria resistance problem, being one of them the look for new antimicrobial from vegetal species. Medicinal plants with therapeutic properties are of great relevance in all the world, especially in developing countries; and as much as the knowledge about medicinal plants is vast these days, it is necessary more and more researches, because for many times these plants are used in a wrong way, consequently, taking a great risk due to the active substances accumulation.
Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been widely used for hundreds of years, whether for its analgesic, antipyretic, or antimicrobial potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and the ranges of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of aqueous rhizome and leaf extracts of Z. officinale and synergism of these extracts with antibiotics against six isolates of Staphylococcus spp. The chemical composition of the crude extract from the rhizome of Z. officinale cultivated in the region of Umuarama (Brazil) was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer and detected Zingerone (47.65%), α-Zingiberene (14.92%), β-Sesquiphellandrene- (6.16%), α-Curcumene (4.49%), Methyl 10-trans, 12-cis-octadecadienoate (4.42) and Gingerol (4.37). Six samples of Staphylococcus spp. from Veterinary Students’ nasal swabs were collected for antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The antibacterial activities of the aqueous extracts of ginger rhizome and leaves were evaluated with broth microdilution, and then synergism of the rhizome extract with the antimicrobials was verified to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). All the Staphylococcus spp. samples showed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, 66.67% to erythromycin, and 33.33% to tetracycline. The MIC90% of each extract was estimated to be 235 mg/mL and 13.27 mg/mL for the leaf and rhizome, respectively. With the aqueous leaf extract, none of the samples presented MBC within the studied concentration range. On the other hand, the MBC obtained by the aqueous rhizome extract was 7.81 mg/mL for 50% of the samples. Calculation of the FICI showed that ½ MIC yielded the best result, with two synergistic relationships when combined with ampicillin. This research shows a potential use for the aqueous extract of ginger as an alternative or auxiliary therapy against resistant microorganisms
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