A family physician is considered the first line of healthcare with patients. In the public sector, a medical officer is a generalist with no postgraduate training. The periodic health assessment has its roots at least as far back as the industrial revolution, employers paid for annual medical fitness examinations and tests to assess the state of their workers with intention of keeping their workforce healthy and safe. The technique is now included into the work of primary care physicians and is still practiced across multiple countries but it may be named with a different name such as Periodic health examination (PHE). The PHE allows for the implementation of evidence-based preventative measures, the education of patients on lifestyle issues, the updating of vaccines, and, most importantly, the detection of risk factors and diagnoses by updating the patient's cumulative profile. In low-risk individuals, however, treatment may not be essential every year. There’s serious question about the value of Periodic health assessment/examination. In this article we’ll be reviewing the PHE, its value and the role of family physician in it.

Background: Intraoperative bleeding remains a major complication during and after surgery, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Several influences determine the complex causes of bleeding in surgical patients. About 75 to 90% of early intraoperative and postoperative bleeding is due to technical factors. In some cases, however, acquired or congenital coagulopathies can stimulate, if not directly cause, surgical bleeding. Objectives: This paper aims to overview etiology, causes, diagnosis, and updated management of intraoperative bleeding. Methods: The review article ran from July 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021. We searched articles on etiology, causes, and treatments published in English worldwide in the Medline, EBSCO and PubMed databases. No software was used to analyze the data. Team members reviewed the data to determine initial results. Results: All patients scheduled for elective surgery should be screened for possible hemostatic defects using tests, and, if necessary, laboratory tests. Treatment of intraoperative bleeding consists of identifying patients at risk and understanding the effect of surgery on hemostasis. For patients at high risk of bleeding, a pre-operative meeting with a multidisciplinary team (anesthesiologist, surgeon, hematologist, radiologist) can discuss the correct surgical procedure. Conclusion: Technical variables account for 75-90% of initial intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. However, in other cases it is associated with acquired or congenital coagulation disorders. All patients scheduled for elective surgery should be checked for problems with hemostasis. Treatment of intraoperative bleeding involves identifying those at risk and understanding the effect of surgery on hemostasis.