Background Thyroid surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures internationally. There were no studies conducted in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, on post-thyroidectomy complications and their risk factors. Objective The aim of this study was to assess post-thyroidectomy complications and determine the risk factors of such complications. Methods This retrospective study included all cases that underwent thyroidectomy at King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, from January 2012 to December 2017. Patients with preoperative hypoparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, or history of dysphonia were excluded. Data were collected from medical records. Results The study showed 182 patients who underwent thyroidectomy operation between January 2012 and December 2017. Temporary hypocalcemia was developed in 116 patients (63.7%) while it persisted in three (1.6%). Change of voice was reported in five patients (2.7%) while two (1.1%) lost a high-pitched voice. Seroma, hematoma, and tracheal injury were documented in 1.6%, 1.1%, and 0.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that total thyroidectomy was the most significant (four times) risk factor for the development of hypocalcemia as compared to other surgical procedures. Conclusion Hypocalcemia was the most frequent post-thyroidectomy complication, whereas voice changes, seroma, hematoma, and tracheal injury are rare complications. Additionally, total thyroidectomy has the highest risk of postoperative hypocalcemia.

PURPOSE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is becoming a leading cause of preventable blindness. The current study aimed to assess ROP and its risk factors in Tabuk City, Northern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in King Khalid Hospital, Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The premature infants' records during the period of January 2016 to April 2018 were approached. One hundred and eight records were eligible; the infants' gestational age, weight, if received oxygen, surfactant use, blood transfusion, intraventricular hemorrhage, and patent ductus arteriosus were reported. Chi-square test was used to compare premature infants and their counterparts regarding various risk factors. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 108 premature infants, 33.3% had ROP (Many were sightthreatening [stages required treatment] and more than twothirds involving both eyes); a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) was evident between infants with prematurity, and low birth weight. No significant differences were found regarding other risk factors ( P > 0.05). Only 8.3% received interventional therapy. CONCLUSION: ROP is common in King Khalid Hospital, which is the referral tertiary hospital in Tabuk city, KSA . The low birth weight is a significant risk factor to develop ROP. Many of ROP cases were sightthreatening (cases that required treatment) and most cases involving both eyes. Treatment availability at Tabuk city is recommended, instead of referral to another centers especially among those with low weight at birth.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and possible risk factors of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, to provide a relevant literature review of studies from other centers in Saudi Arabia, and to present basic statistical data for future studies in our local community.Methods: A retrospective study enrolled patients who were surgically treated for thyroid disease between January 2015 and December 2021. For concerns during the procedure, direct laryngoscopy was carried out before extubation to assess the vocal cords. Similarly, indirect laryngoscopy was carried out for patients who developed postoperative voice changes. All patients were evaluated clinically 2-3 weeks after surgery. Nerve monitors were not used in either case.