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The present study represents an attempt to classify and evaluate the surface water quality around Ras El-Bar Island by investigating the surface water physical and chemical parameters near Damietta Branch Outlet, Damietta Port Canal and Mediterranean Sea. The measured pH values show a tendency towards alkaline side aquatic system. The variations in the total dissolved solids and the electrical conductivity values show relatively high values in the Sea water compared with that in the Damietta Branch and the Damietta Port Canal. The observed increasing in the dissolved solids and electrical conductivity values seaward may be related to the effect of sea water intrusion. However, the observed lower values of the dissolved solids and electrical conductivity in Damietta Branch water may be related to the effect of receiving many waste-water resulted from domestic sewage, industrial activities and the extensive boating activities at Ezbt El-borg. The sodium and chloride values increase downward, through Damietta Branch toward its outlet to the Sea water and through the site of connection with the Damietta Port Canal toward the sea. The observed increasing in sodium and chloride values seaward may be related to the effect of sea water intrusion.The potassium, calcium and bicarbonate values decrease downward, through Damietta Branch toward its outlet to the sea water and through the site of connection with the Damietta Port Canal toward the sea. The observed decreasing in Potassium, Calcium and Bicarbonate values seaward may be related to the effect of sea water intrusion. The alkalis (Sodium and potassium) exceed alkaline earths (calcium and magnesium) and strong acids (Cl+SO4) exceed weak acids (C03+HCO3) indicating secondary salinity. High contents of Lead and Cadmium values are observed in the in the study surface water around Ras El-Bar Island. Cadmium and Lead fall in the category "high". The category "high" is usually observed near the main shipping routes to the ports.The studied surface water samples show non-permissible water quality for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes.

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The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of using agricultural waste (rice straw), along-with sand and gravel (treatment system A), to treat grey wastewater in comparison to other treatment systems (B, C, and D), which contain diverse treatment media, like sand and gravel only, activated carbon beside sand and gravel, and fired clay along-with sand and gravel, respectively, as wastewater filters. Grey wastewater samples were collected from three selected homes in Damietta Governorate, Egypt, and treated using the four different treatment systems. According to the standard methods of analyses, some physico-chemical characteristics of the grey wastewater, including: temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, EC, NH 3 , O.P, BOD, and COD, were examined before and after the treatment. Moreover, microbiological characteristics such as TBC, TC, and E. coli were also inspected. The results showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of the treated grey wastewater via the applied treatment systems complied with the ESL for effluents discharged to the sewer systems. The outcomes revealed that the cost-effective treatment system (A) was the best in removing some physico-chemical characteristics compared to the other applied systems, especially in removing BOD, TDS, and EC with mean percent removal of 77.54±4.21%, 47.74±17.62%, and 45.84±16.96%, respectively. Simultaneously, this system achieved good elimination of Turbidity, COD, NH 3 , and OP with mean removal rates of 86.14±10.49%, 84.76±1.77%, 74.5±16.11%, and 71.77±8.12%, successively. Moreover, it has substantially removed some microbiological characteristics from the grey wastewater without disinfection and attained removal rates of 94.42% and 69.33% for E. coli and TBC, respectively.

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