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Energy harvesting wireless networks is one of the most researched topics in this decade, both in industry and academia, as it can offer self-sustaining sensor networks. With RF energy harvesting (RF-EH) embedded, the sensors can operate for extended periods by harvesting energy from the environment or by receiving it as an Energy signal from a hybrid base station (HBS). Thus, providing sustainable solutions for managing massive numbers of sensor nodes. However, the biggest hurdle of RF energy is the low energy density due to spreading loss. This paper investigates the RF-EH node hardware and design essentials, performance matrices of RF-EH. Power management in energy harvesting nodes is discussed. Furthermore, an information criticality algorithm is proposed for critical and hazardous use cases. Finally, some of the RF-EH applications and the opportunities of 5G technologies for the RF-EH are introduced.

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Powering Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is one of the most researched topics in the wireless field. Due to the density of such networks, conventional power sourcing using wires is not feasible. Furthermore, a sensor node (SN) in a WSN consumes small amounts of energy. Therefore, the SN can be charged wirelessly using a radio frequency (RF) power transmitter. This paper presents a solar-powered simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) transmitter design with dynamic power allocation (DPA). Moreover, a receiver design with separate energy harvesting (EH) and information decoding (ID) circuitries is adopted. DPA carries the communication signal on low-power subcarriers around the carrier frequency, while the energy signal is carried on a highpower continuous wave (CW) centered at the carrier frequency. DPA reduces the interference to external networks by limiting the high power signal to a few subcarriers. Furthermore, the split receiver design increases the harvested power at the EH circuit reservoir.