No abstract

The toxicity and instability of lead-halide perovskite materials in the solar cells are yet demands must be resolved to vie to find alternatives of free lead-based halide perovskites and double perovskite materials. Here we report on the experimental synthesis of a new family of lead-free inorganic halide double perovskites Cesium copper antimony chloride (Cs2CuSbCl6) and perovskite Cesium copper chloride (CsCuCl3) as a based sensitizer of the solar cells and studies of its characterize and optical properties of the Photo-Voltaic (PV) device. The configuration structural of PV devices is (FTO/TiO2/CsCuCl3 or Cs2CuSbCl6/Cu2O/Al electrode). The double perovskite Cs2CuSbCl6 and Perovskite CsCuCl3 are successfully synthesized, performed of structural investigations by X-ray diffraction, and depicted of optical properties via optical absorption of UV−vis measurement. The perovskite (CsCuCl3) belongs to the space grope P6122 and the Hexagonal structure phase. The strongest peeks of the XRD diffraction pattern of the double perovskite Cs2CuSbCl6 are taken at the reflection points (-201), (-202), (-3-11), (220), (-223) and (-5-34). From UV−vis measurements obtained values of a direct gap of both (Cs2CuSbCl6) and (CsCuCl3) are (1.5 and 2.2) eV, respectively. The optimum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PV device which used Cs2CuSbCl6 as a sensitizer is 0.94%, the filling factor is 24%, the open-circuit voltage is 582.5 mV and the short circuit current was 2.656 mA. The measurement is carried out under one sun intensity illumination (1000 W/m2).

This study is an emphasis on the metal halide perovskite solar cells that are susceptible to factors that influence their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Perovskite solar cells, also known as PSCs, have been shown to have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to a number of various factors. As they reached a power conversion efficiency of 25%, solar cells based on metal halide perovskite were a game-changer in the quest for photovoltaic performance. A flurry of activity in the fields of structure design, materials chemistry, process engineering, and device physics has helped the solid-state perovskite solar cell to become a leading contender for the next generation of solar energy harvesters in the world today. This follows up on the ground-breaking development of the solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012. This cell has a higher efficiency compared to commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells, as well as a lower cost of materials and processes. However, it has the disadvantage that these high efficiencies can only be obtained with lead-based perovskites, which increases the cost of the cell. As a result of this fact, a new study area on lead-free metal halide perovskites was established, and it is now exhibiting a remarkable degree of vibrancy. This provided us with the impetus to review this burgeoning area of research and discuss possible alternative elements according to current theoretical and practical investigations that might be utilized to replace lead in metal halide perovskites as well as the features of the perovskite materials that correspond to these elements.