DPP-4 inhibitors are present in the market for almost more than a decade. In Management of T2DM, DPP-4 inhibitors are established therapy option. The precise guidance for the pre- and post-approval and also CV safety of the newer antidiabetic agents was released by the USFDA in 2008. A neutral effect of Pooled safety analyses, as well as retrospective meta-analyses of clinical trials, have consistently demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors are not associated with any increase in cardiovascular adverse events, and have even pointed towards a risk reduction. The combination therapy of Alogliptin with other agents like metformin and pioglitazone have been shown to provide better and superior efficacy as compared to individual monotherapy. The hypoglycemic risk is less with Alogliptin. Alogliptin has been shown to be associated with less risk of hepatotoxicity, weight gain, and acute pancreatitis. Alogliptin does not worsen outcomes in patients with a history of heart failure (HF), neither does it increase rate of new hospitalization for heart failure (HF), as per the data from EXAMINE trial.

Dermatophytosis is a very common public health problem with high prevalence. Dermatophytes are a highly specialized set of filamentous fungi, which are adapted to keratinized tissues of humans and animals. Dermatophytosis is the most common fungal infection worldwide, affecting approximately 20–25% of the world’s population. The etiological agents of dermatophytosis, called dermatophytes, change with geography and socioeconomic status. Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the prime species for skin and nail infections followed by T. mentagrophytes/ T. interdigital complex. There is a shift from T. rubrum to T. mentagrophytes in India for superficial fungal infections. In order to deal with fungal infections, treatment strategies involve the use of systemic antifungals and/or topical antifungal agents. Naftifine is a synthetic allylamine antifungal first reported in 1974 and in 1985 became the first commercially available allylamine. The highly lipophilic nature of allylamine allows efficient penetration and reasonably high concentrations in the stratum corneum (SC) and hair follicles. Naftifine is fungicidal as well as fungistatic. The higher efficacy rates of allylamines over imidazoles for the treatment of fungal infections, even for months after cessation of treatment, is thought to be due to their fungicidal effect, as well as to potentially greater keratin binding and slower release from the SC. The effectiveness of naftifine is also demonstrated against various bacteria belonging to both gram-negative and gram-positive classes. The antiinflammatory property of naftifine has been reported in various preclinical studies where it has been shown to target the prostaglandin pathway. Naftifine 1 and 2% gel and cream is approved by The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), recently naftifine has been approved in India by the Indian regulatory authority Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Naftifine 2% also appears to be a promising treatment, requiring fewer applications than the 1% formulation. Naftifine appears to be effective in a single dose and has a shorter treatment duration than azoles. Naftifine demonstrated its efficacy and safety in various clinical studies of tinea infections. Naftifine offers a very useful and promising option for treating dermatophytosis.

The burden of dermatological conditions is huge on the global health accounting for 44.1 million DALYs worldwide. Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection with 2.5 time’s greater likelihood in pediatrics (12.3%) than in adults (4.9%). Micro-organisms causing impetigo include bacteria like or both. The management of Impetigo is with topical and systemic antimicrobial agents. Topical antimicrobial resistance is on the rise in patients with Impetigo. Therefore, there is clearly a need for newer antimicrobials having different mode of action and showing good activity against non-responding strains in the management of impetigo. Ozenoxacin is a novel, topical quinolone with a good safety and tolerability profile in the management of Impetigo. The authorizing bodies namely USFDA, European Medical Agency, and DCGI have approved the use of Ozenoxacin 1% cream for the topical treatment of impetigo due to in adult and pediatric patients 2 months of age and older.

Cough is one of the most frequent symptom for patients to seek medical attention. Cough can be associated with many disease processes and the ultimate treatment depends on determining the etiology and diagnosis. Antitussive agents with different mechanisms of action have been developed in the past, but there are still very few medications that seem to be effective without any side effects especially related to central nervous system (CNS). Levodropropizine is an antitussive agent which acts peripherally and is a non-opioid cough medication that is in use since many years as a symptomatic therapy for cough. Levodropropizine has potent antitussive activity mainly due to peripheral effects by inhibiting the activation of vagal C-fibers. In fact, levodropropizine has been proven effective in controlling cough and is devoid of the central depressant effect. Levodropropizine oral suspension (30mg/5ml) is approved by drug approval body of India, Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) for the management non-productive cough in adults. Levodropropizine is approved in some of the European countries and in Asian countries. It is widely used in Republic of Korea for the symptomatic treatment of cough in both adults and children above 2 years of age. Levodropropizine has the utmost level of benefit in comparison with central antitussive agents namely codeine and dextromethorphan for the patients with cough due to acute and chronic bronchitis.