INTRODUCTIONNepal Health Research Council (NHRC) estimated that 38% of the adult population in Nepal suffers from cardiovascular diseases with about half suffering from hypertension [1]. The prevalence is highest in the Central development region where people have a more sedentary lifestyle [2]. Studies have shown thatthere is a strong relation between cardiopulmonary fitness and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction and also the complications ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Maximum Oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a good predictor of cardiopulmonary and muscle fitness. Maximum oxygen uptake is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilize by body during severe exercise. The present study aims to find out the level of VO2 max using Mc Ardle equation and to compare obtained values from Chatterjee's equation in Nepalese population.

Background: Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus includes nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions of which insulin remains one of the most effective methods for achieving glycemic control, either alone or in combination with oral anti-diabetic medications. Effective usage of insulin in the management of glycaemia remains a challenge in developing countries like Nepal. To best of our knowledge, there is not any study regarding insulin prescription pattern on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients using insulin from Nepal, so we studied the prescription pattern of insulin on insulin using Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.Methods: Patients aged 30 years or above who present in Dhulikhel Hospital outpatient clinic during the period from January 2015 to June 2015 with diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus diagnosed at least for 6 months and were taking injection insulin at least since last 3 months were enrolled in this cross sectional, observational study.Results: Forty-five study participants had a mean age of 56.6 ±10.95 year, body mass index of 23.97 4.72 kg/m2, Diabetic duration of 10.33 6.41 years and HbA1c of 8.53 ±1.53%. Fifty-three percent were female and almost all study participants (96%) were taking Oral Antidiabetic Drugs along with Insulin. Sixty-three percent of participants were using Premix insulin whereas 33% were using basal insulin alone. Mean Insulin dose was 28.96 11.75 units per day. Among them, 80% were “self” injecting insulin and 53% were using Glucometer.Conclusion: Our data showed that premixed insulin being most commonly used insulin. All patients used Insulin Pen as delivery device and larger proportions of them were self injecting insulin. All patients felt mild hypoglycemia which can be improved by increased utilization of glucometer.Jour of Diab and Endo Assoc of Nepal 2017; 1(1): 3-7

Background:Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires comprehensive control of three metabolic parameters: blood glucose, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid commonly known as 3B. We studied the prevalence of patients reaching the 3B goals in Nepalese context. Materials and Methods:Patients aged 30 years or above who presented in Dhulikhel Hospital outpatient clinic of internal medicine department of Dhulikhel Hospital with a diagnosis of T2DM diagnosed at least for 6 months were enrolled in this cross-sectional, observational study. Patients with any major illness, surgery, or diabetic ketoacidosis in last 6 months, use of glucocorticoids, post-transplant diabetes, and gestational diabetes were excluded. The study was conducted during the period between January 2015 and June 2015. Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables. The nonparametric test (2 independent sample tests) was used for quantitative variables. Results:One hundred and fifty study participants had a mean age of 56 ± 11.88 years, body mass index of 23.97 4.72kg/m 2, and an HbA1c of 8.02 ± 1.78%. The proportion of patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c >7%) was 30%. Only 26% patients had achieved targets for both systolic and diastolic BP (>130/80) and 35% patients had achieved the target of LDL less than 100. In this study, 32 (21.33%) patients had control of blood glucose and blood lipid, whereas 26 (17.33%) patients had control of blood glucose and BP. Likewise, only 19 (12.67%) patients met the target of blood glucose, BP, and blood lipid control. Conclusion:Our data showed that only 13% of patients achieved the 3B goals. Our study highlights the urgent unmet need, to improve the quality of diabetes care in our center which may be a representative of the country.

Neurological cases in Nepal are not reported much. Neurological diseases are associated to poor health outcomes including mortality, disability and hospitalization. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of neurological disorders in developing countries remain largely unknown. This is a descriptive study to understand the burden of disease faced by neurologists and internists in a hospital of Nepal. This is a retrospective study of medical records of patients admitted in the Neurology unit of medical ward of Dhulikhel Hospital. A total of 318 patients were admitted during the period of July 2014to January 2015. Diagnosis was established by clinical, radiological, nerve conduction studies, electroencephalography and cerebrospinal fl uidanalysis. A total of 318 patients records during the above mentioned period were reviewed. Common neurological diseases identified were vascular: 138(43.40%); seizure: 60(18.87%); infectious: 20(6.29%); demyelinating: 12(3.77%); degenerative: 14(4.40%); peripheral neuropathy:14(4.40%); and others (mass lesion, ataxia, myelopathy) 60(18.87%). Cerebrovasculardisease is the most common cause of admission of patients in the neurological unit of the hospital. There are differences in the neurological diseases with respect to age, gender and ethnicity.

No abstract