Azadipyrromethenes are bidentate ligands that absorb in the red-orange region of the spectrum, with applications as tags, light harvesters, and sensitizers. Reported here are borontransmetalation reactions that bind azadipyrromethenes to cyclometalated iridium(III). The new species absorb both near 590 nm and into the near-ultraviolet. Two examples have been crystallographically characterized. Both intra-and intermolecular aromatic stacking interactions are found. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that azadipyrromethene complexes of iridium(III) undergo reduction and oxidation at potentials that depend little on the cyclometalating ligands on iridium. Density functional theory calculations indicate a LUMO that is azadipyrromethene-centered, whereas the HOMO may localize on either the Ir(C ∧ N) 2 + fragment or the azadipyrromethene.

Organic boroxines are ubiquitous, but metallaboroxine analogues remain rare. A new class of (boroxinato)gold species are demonstrated here, as are observations of phosphorescence from boroxinato complexes. Four new compounds are crystallographically characterized.

Trioxadiborrins are chelating ligands that assemble in dehydration reactions of boronic acids. They are structurally related to β-diketonate ligands, but have a 2-charge. Little is known of the bonding properties of trioxadiborrin ligands. Presented here are density-functional theory (DFT) studies of cyclometalated gold(III) trioxadiborrins. Substituent effects are evaluated, and comparison is made to the cyclometalating 2-(4-tolyl)pyridine (tpy) ligand on gold. The tpy ligand binds more strongly than any trioxadiborrin ligand considered here, and the two ligands bind competitively to gold. The 1,3-diphenyl trioxadiborrin ligand of 1 has a larger absolute binding enthalpy to gold than its β-diketonate analogue. Conjugation between boron and aryl substituents delocalizes charge and attenuates the trioxadiborrin's binding capacity. Steric effects that disrupt conjugation between boron and aryl substituents cause the trioxadiborrin to chelate more tightly. Fragment bond orders are divided into in-plane and out-of-plane contributions for square planar 1. In-plane bonding accounts for 88% of bond order between (tpy)Au2+ and the trioxadiborrin ligand. Cyclometalated gold(III) trioxadiborrin complexes were previously shown to be phosphorescent. Spin-unrestricted triplet-state geometry optimizations find that the ten largest excited-state distortions all occur on the tpy ligand. A plot of spin density in triplet 1 shows spin to reside predominantly on tpy. The 77 K luminescence spectrum of 1 is reported here. Time-dependent DFT and configuration interaction singles calculations (corrected for doubles excitations) overestimate the emission energy by ∼ 0.12 eV.

Geminally diaurated μ2 -aryl complexes have been prepared where gold(I) centers were bridged by the semirigid diphosphine ligands bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (DPEphos) and 4,6-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (DBFphos). Diaurated complexes were synthesized in ligand redistribution reactions of the corresponding di-gold dichlorides with di-gold diaryls (six of them new) and silver(I) salts. Diaurated complexes were isolated as salts of the minimally coordinating anions SbF6 (-) and ReO4 (-). Efforts to prepare salts of the tetraarylborate [B(3,5-(CF3)2 C6 H3)4](-) led to transmetalation from boron, with crystallization of the fluorinated aryl complex. The new complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR, absorption and emission spectroscopies, 77 K emission lifetimes, and by combustion analysis; three are crystallographically characterized. Structures of geminally diaurated aryl ligands are compared to those of mono-aurated analogues. Both crystal structures and density-functional theory calculations indicate slight but observable disruptions of aryl ligand aromaticity by geminal di-gold binding. An intermolecular aurophilic interaction in one structurally authenticated complex was examined computationally.