Background Fatalities in children left unattended in parked motor vehicles are being reported frequently in the last decade but little research has been done analysing the circumstances leading to such preventable deaths in India. Objectives To analyse circumstances leading to fatalities in children left unattended in parked motor vehicles in India. Methods This study was a descriptive analysis conducted on the basis of an Internet search of published news in major Indian newspapers/channels using different combination of keywords. We extracted data from the published news using a pre-determined tool. Results Between 2011 and 2020, there were 23 incidents that resulted in 40 fatalities across India mostly in summer months. Majority of children were 4–6 years of age (26/40). Ninety percent of children gained access to unattended vehicles for playing and getting locked accidentally (36/40) while remaining cases involved being forgotten (3/40) or intentionally left behind (1/40). Conclusion Majority of hyperthermia-related deaths occurred while children gained access to unattended vehicles for playing and getting locked accidentally.

Background HIV infection is still a serious public health issue globally. Suboptimal vitamin D status is highly prevalent in HIV-infected children and adolescents throughout the world. Objectives To evaluate the outcome of vitamin D supplementation on CD4 count in HIV-infected children and adolescents with suboptimal vitamin D status. Methods Vitamin D level of HIV-infected children and adolescents were measured at enrolment. Suboptimal vitamin D level was defined as 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were defined as 21–29 and <20 ng/ml, respectively. Children with suboptimal vitamin D levels were supplemented with vitamin D. Results This was a single-centre, non-randomized comparative study enrolling 50 eligible participants. There were 20 patients who were vitamin D sufficient, 7 were vitamin D insufficient and 23 were found to be vitamin D deficient at enrolment. However, after supplementation, the status of sufficient remained same and 7 insufficient become sufficient, whereas in 23 deficient, 18 (78.3%) become sufficient and 5 (21.7%) become insufficient and this change was found statistically significant among the groups (χ2 = 6.52, p = 0.038). There was a significant improvement of CD4 count from baseline to 4 months in deficient group on vitamin D supplementation (p value < 0.001; 1.2-fold rise). No significant change was seen in vitamin D insufficient (p value = 0.791) and sufficient groups (p value = 0.168). Conclusion Vitamin D should be supplemented in HIV-infected children on ART with low CD4 counts.

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