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Paddy is one of the largest consumed staple foods across the globe, especially in Asian countries. With the population growing larger and the agricultural land shrinking, there is a need to increase the yield of the crop to meet the evergrowing food demand. The yield of paddy largely depends on the irrigation of the paddy field, that is maintaining the optimum water level in the paddy field. The solution to this irrigation problem has been proposed in this paper, by addressing various challenges in implementing the Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) and Internet of Things (IoT) system in paddy cultivation. A UGV which carries the sensors were used to collect the sensor data (water level, rainwater, humidity, temperature, light intensity) from the paddy field, which is controlled by cloudbased solution and by the mobile application-based solution. The data was then processed and used to control the water valves which can again be controlled by using cloud and mobile application. Water level maintained by using the mobile application-based solution, cloud-based solution and by following the traditional method of irrigation was compared and the cloudbased solution was found to be more efficient. Thereby providing a solution which reduces the manpower required for the process of irrigation when compared to the traditional irrigation method, also reducing the water wastage, therefore conserving water.

No abstract

Blockchain is one of the new modern technologies of the tech world. Bitcoin was first introduced with this technology and is being extremely tested for several cryptocurrencies continuously. The research scholars and businesses have been concentrating on its pertinence in furthering many zones such as education, business, healthcare, logistics, and some more areas. This chapter shows the benefits of blockchain technology in the educational area. The advantage of blockchain technology in the educational sector is support in improving the convenience and value of educational areas. There are some zones in education that are essential: continuous observations of students and student correlated data and transcripts, decrease in physical and administration, and more. Further, the monitoring and tracing capability of the blockchain and some solutions to the problems have been proposed.