A robotics manipulator system is a multi-link mechanical system each link is driven by an electrical actuator individually. Most industry application uses robotics system, this system needs to be controlled efficiently. In this study, 3-DOF serial robotic manipulator is simulated with a PID controller by using MATLAB\Simulink. The PID controller is proposed for every single manipulator where each manipulator is controlled independently. The performance of the 3-DOF robotic arm for trajectory tracking studies under this controller with different trajectory and without/with external disturbance torque.

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Assessment of link budget estimation for TIGRISAT Low Earth Orbit satellite and its communication with ground station located in Baghdad/Iraq is introduced in this article. Communication link between the satellite and the ground station depends on various propagation parameters and losses which are either constant or variable. Uplink and downlink design parameters were considered. Simulation results show a linear behaviour between isotropically radiated power and received power in uplink and downlink respectively. Simulation outcomes illustrate how the precise amount of dust attenuation over Iraq dwindles the carrier to noise ratios as concerned with uplink and downlink in turn. In order to present high data rates telecommunication between a satellite at LEO and the earth station, this article reviews link budget requirements, besides for futuristic signal impairments consideration for enhancing transceiving performance for Tigrisat [11].