Objective: About 40 % cases of lumbosacral pain has source in intervertebral disc. Degeneration and nucleus pulposus dehydration can produce tears in the annulus that stimulates growth irrigation and nocioceptors formation at this level and this could be the cause of discogenic pain. Intradiscal radiofrecuency (Rf) has 2B± evidence level for the discogenic pain relief. Our goal was to test if addition of intradiscal ozone to intradiscal Rf treatment could improve outcomes. Material and methods: Observational prospective study in which fifty-one patients with discogenic pain were treated. Inclusion criteria: a) Pain's evolution higher than eight months; b) VAS higher than seven; c) non radicular pain characteristics; d) lumbosacral pain with uni-or bilateral buttock irradiation; e) without response to pharmacologic and interventional treatment; f) discal degeneration o presence of a high-intensity zone in RM; g) discography with 30 % ozone: Not evidence of fuga to epidural space with addition of 3-8 ml ozone in nucleus pulposus. Patients were randomized in three groups: A-Just intradiscal ozone (3-8 ml). B-Intradiscal ozone and next RfP (2 Hz, 10 miliseg, 60 V) for 15 minutes (Neurotherm). C-Intradiscal-Pulsed Rf (with same parameters). Pulsed Rf parameters were recorded during the procedure: impedance, temperature, voltage and mA. Patients were evaluated at three and twelve months of the technique. Parameters evaluated were: EVA, improve percentage (no effect/EVA > 2/EVA > 50 %). Chosen statistical program was SPSS 16.0, t-student for average comparison, p-simple binomial for percentage comparison (p < 0.05). Results: More EVA reduction at three and twelve months on the B group (8.1 ± 1.1/3.7 ± 1.9/4 ± 2.2) (p < 0.01). All patients from B group significantly improve at three months and 88.2 % of the patients' improvement continuous for twelve months (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The association of intradiscal ozone with pulsed Rf can improve the results of the ozone's application in discogenic pain.

El estudio del arte de la Relojería implica dos importantes vías a seguir: la técnica, más difícil para el historiador por las complicaciones mecánicas incorporadas a las máquinas; y la histórico-artística, encaminada a distinguir tipologías, estilos e intervención de varios artífices en la ejecución de una caja. La conservación preventiva incluye labores destinadas a prolongar y a mantener el mayor tiempo posible los materiales originales de los que está constituido el objeto. La finalidad de esta conservación contrasta a veces con algunas intervenciones destinadas a mantener el reloj en funcionamiento. La meta es que la máquina del reloj funcione pero sin grandes intervenciones en su maquinaria.

RELOJES DE BOLSILLO EN LA CORTE ESPAÑOLA: JOYAS PARA MEDIR EL TIEMPO Pocket-watches in the Spanish court: jewels to measure time Amelia ARANDA HUETE Dirección de las Colecciones Reales Patrimonio Nacional amelia.aranda@patrimonionacional.es Fecha de recepción: 10/12/2017 Fecha de aceptación definitiva: 26/02/2018RESUMEN: La necesidad de controlar el tiempo y regular la rutina diaria obligó a los relojeros a fabricar los primeros relojes de uso personal. Desde el primer momento se convirtieron en un objeto de lujo anhelado por los clientes más adinerados. En el siglo XVIII se asociaron lujo y precisión. Los relojes se convirtieron en un objeto indispensable para la vida cotidiana. Los reyes españoles, al igual que otros monarcas europeos, se convirtieron en grandes poseedores y coleccionistas de estos objetos. Adquirieron ricos ejemplares fabricados en oro y plata, enriquecidos con piedras preciosas, firmados por los mejores relojeros europeos. La mayoría fueron suministrados por comerciantes y por los embajadores de Londres y de París. Las cuentas registradas en la tesorería general son el mejor instrumento para conocer estas adquisiciones.ABSTRACT: The necessity of measuring time and of regulating the daily routine forced the clockmakers to manufacture the first personal clocks. Since the very first moment it became a luxury object coveted by the wealthiest customers. In the 18 th century luxury and precision became associated. Clocks became an essential object AMELIA ARANDA HUETE RELOJES DE BOLSILLO EN LA CORTE ESPAÑOLA: JOYAS PARA MEDIR EL TIEMPO Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca / CC BY-NC-ND Cuadernos dieciochistas, 19, 2018, pp. 53-82 for the daily life. The Spanish kings, as well as the rest of the European royalty, became great owners and collectors of these objects. They invested in expensive clocks produced with gold and silver, enriched with gemstones and signed by the best European clockmakers. Most of them were supplied by traders and ambassadors from London and Paris. The accounts registered on the national treasury are the best way to became acquainted with these acquirements.