Due to the required different speeds and important role of direct current (DC) motors in laboratories, production factories and industrial application, speed controlling of these motors becomes an essential matter for proper operation with high efficiency and performance accuracy. This paper presents a new speed controlling technique that is based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in the optimization process of the parameters for the fractional order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller. The FOPID is an advanced and modern controlling system in which the two more added parameters (the derivative μ and integral λ orders) are fractional rather than integer. Through the process of minimizing the fitness functions, the obtained results show that the designed controller system can excellently set the best controller parameters due to the fractions of these additional parameters. With respect to the PSO-PID controller, the simulation results for the proposed PSO-FOPID controller show performance improvements of 14%, 21%, 24.5%, 78%, and 19.3% in the values of the parameters Kp, Ki, Kd, Tr, and Ts respectively.

In this paper the PID controller and the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) are used to control the speed of separately excited DC motors. The proportional, integral and derivate (KP, KI, KD) gains of the PID controller are adjusted according to Fuzzy Logic rules. The FLC cotroller is designed according to fuzzy rules so that the system is fundamentally robust. Twenty-five fuzzy rules for self-tuning of each parameter of the PID controller are considered. The FLC has two inputs; the first one is the motor speed error (the difference between the reference and actual speed) and the second one is a change in the speed error (speed error derivative). The output of the FLC, i.e. the parameters of the PID controller, are used to control the speed of the separately excited DC Motor. This study shows that the precisiom feature of the PID controllers and the flexibllity feature of the fuzzy controller are presented in the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller. The fuzzy self – tuning approach implemented on the conventional PID structure improved the dynamic and static response of the system. The salient features of both conventional and fuzzy self-tuning controller outputs are explored by simulation using MATLAB. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed self-tuned PID controller i.plementd a good dynamic behavior of the DC motor i.e. perfect speed tracking with a settling time, minimum overshoot and minimum steady state errorws.

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Abstract- Principle analysis results provide construction new digital-analog jammers from the point of view minimizing out-of-band undesirable electromagnetic radiation. Reviewed methods of compensating for nonlinear distortions, which are suitable for use in power amplifiers of jammers, based on linearization methods of the characteristics of powerful amplifying devices. The substantiation of a new compensation method for eliminating undesirable combination components in the spectrum of jamming transmitters with quadrature modulation (the method of depletion of the input signal spectrum).