É apresentado um modelo para compreensão do medo e da ansiedade, assim como de tratamento das suas perturbações, de acordo com o modo de actuação no Centro de Aconselhamento para Estudantes da Universidade Lusófona. O medo é considerado uma adaptação, de acordo com uma perspectiva evolutiva e desenvolvimentista. Como qualquer adaptação varia, podendo apresentar desajustamentos nos extremos da distribuição, tanto na baixa como na alta ansiedade, que designamos por perturbações hipoansiosas e hiperansiosas. São apresentadas as possibilidades de tratamento psicológico cognitivo-comportamental nas perturbações de hiperansiedade, assim como são discutidos os efeitos do tratamento, em diversos pârametros, e as possibilidades de prevenção.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v19i1/2.407
Título: A qué se refiere la gente cuando informa que son felices o que están satisfechos con la vida. Resumen: El estudio de la felicidad estuvo dominado con el modelo de bienestar subjetivo. Con la llegada de la psicología positiva entran en juego los modelos de felicidad hedónicos y eudaimónico, pero los principales estudios siguen utilizando medidas de un solo elemento de satisfacción con la vida o de felicidad. En este trabajo estudiamos la asociación entre la satisfacción con la vida y la felicidad, medida cada una de ellas con un solo ítem mediante una representación gráfica de una escalera y de un termómetro, y los tres modelos de felicidad: el bienestar subjetivo, la felicidad eudaimónica y la felicidad hedonista. Los resultados mostraron que el bienestar subjetivo fue el principal predictor de la satisfacción con la vida y el modelo hedónico también predijo en menor grado esa misma variable. Para el caso de la felicidad los predictores fueron los mismos, pero en orden inverso, el predictor principal fue el modelo hedónico y en un menor grado por el bienestar subjetivo. Contrariamente a nuestra hipótesis, la perspectiva de felicidad eudaimónica no es un predictor en ninguno de los modelos. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de la interacción entre una perspectiva cognitiva o una hedónica en el estudio de la felicidad. Palabras clave: felicidad, satisfacción con la vida, bienestar subjetivo. Abstract:The study of happiness was dominated with the model of subjective well-being. With the advent of positive psychology the eudaimonic and hedonic models entered the field, but major surveys continue to use single-item measures of life satisfaction or happiness. We study the associations between life satisfaction and happiness, measured single-items with a graphic representation of a ladder and a thermometer, and three models of happiness: the subjective well-being, the eudaimonic and hedonic. The results showed that subjective well-being was the main predictor of life satisfaction and hedonic model also predicted a small amount of this variable. For happiness the predictors were the same but in reversed order, the main predictor was the hedonic model and a small variance was explained by subjective well-being. Contrary to our hypothesis the eudaimonic perspective of happiness was not a predictor in none of the models. These results underline the importance of the interaction between a cognitive or appraisal perspective and the hedonic perspectives for the study of happiness.
The association "O Companheiro" is a Portuguese social solidarity institution which intends to provide an integrated response for the needs of inmates, ex-inmates, and their families. The Social School was established as part of the "O Companheiro," providing one possible alternative to the prison system. The Social School has two main aims: the prevention of deviant pathways and the rehabilitation of those who have entered into criminal activities, promoting their successful integration. Several programs were designed according to a life span perspective, which focuses on the personal development from conception to old age. A core assumption of this perspective is that maturity and development are not completed at any specific moment but result from an ongoing adaptative continuous lifelong process.
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