Background The aim of the study is to evaluate early and late clinical outcomes of patients undergoing the aortic valve repair in patients associated with ventricular septal defect and to analyze whether age is a risk factor predicting repair failure. Methods All patients who were underwent aortic valve repair with concomitant ventricular septal defect closure from 2006 to 2018 were included and divided into two groups: less than 10 years (Group 1) and more than or equal to 10 years (Group 2). Results About 159 patients were included (Group 1 = 92; Group 2 = 67). Overall median age was 8 years, 70% were males. The most common ventricular septal defect was perimembranous in both groups. Two patients in Group 2 had to undergo aortic valve replacement subsequently which resulted in early mortality. Univariable analysis showed prolonged ventilation (p < .001), postoperative intensive care unit stay (p = .019) as significant factors for early mortality. Estimated survival was 97.6% ± 2.4 at the end of 5 years and 10 years in Group 1 and 93.6% ± 3.6 in Group 2. Freedom from residual aortic regurgitation more than or equal to moderate at 5 years and 10 years was 85.6% ± 4.9 and 55% ± 13.8 in Group 1 and 76.9% ± 6.7 and 47.4% ± 12.2 in Group 2, however, it was not significant (p = . .084). Conclusion The aortic valve repair in patients with ventricular septal defect provides satisfactory early and late results in terms of mortality and need for reintervention in all age groups.

Hydatid disease remains a problem in endemic areas. The combination of both intracardiac and pulmonary hydatid disease in association with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism is a rare presentation. We report a case of a 14-year-old girl with hydatid disease of the lungs, right ventricle, and pulmonary arteries, presenting as chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. She underwent surgery for wedge resection of the pulmonary hydatid in the right lower lobe, removal of the right ventricular hydatid (under cardiopulmonary bypass), and pulmonary endarterectomy (under total circulatory arrest). Her postoperative recovery was uneventful.

Penetrating trauma to the chest causing an aortopulmonary shunt is rare. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with an aortopulmonary shunt caused by a penetrating injury to the left anterior chest. Chest exploration was warranted because computed tomography confirmed a definite injury to the great vessels, causing a left-to-right shunt. The case was successfully managed with prosthetic patch closure of the aortic tear and direct closure of the rent in the main pulmonary artery under cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest.

Background The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of a primary and secondary Bentall-De Bono procedure. Methods From 2008 to 2015 (8-year period), 308 patients underwent a Bentall-De Bono procedure in our institute. The mean age was 43 ± 13 years and 80% were men. Twenty-eight patients had prior cardiac surgery through a median sternotomy (group 1) and 280 underwent a primary Bentall-De Bono procedure (group 2). Various preoperative and perioperative parameters were analyzed before and after propensity-score matching. Results Before propensity-score matching, patients undergoing a secondary Bentall-De Bono procedure had a worse preoperative profile, as indicated by a higher EuroSCORE II ( p < 0.0001), with hospital mortality in group 1 of 14% (4/28) and 5% (14/280) in group 2 ( p = 0.069). After propensity-score matching, there was no significant difference in EuroSCORE II ( p = 0.922) or hospital mortality ( p = 0.729). After adjusting for the different variables, repeat sternotomy could not be identified as an independent predictor of postoperative mortality or morbidity. Survival at the end of 1 and 5 years in both groups showed no significant differences before or after propensity-score matching ( p = 0.328 and p = 0.356, respectively). In Cox multivariable regression analysis, reoperation was not identified as an independent factor for survival before ( p = 0.559) or after propensity-score matching ( p = 0.365). Conclusion A secondary Bentall-De Bono procedure can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity, and with midterm survival rates comparable to those of a primary Bentall-De Bono procedure.

Background: The aim of this study was to review our institutional experience with patients who underwent surgical repair of aortopulmonary window, either as an isolated lesion or in association with other cardiac anomalies. Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2020, 183 patients underwent surgical repair of aortopulmonary window at our institute. Sixty-three patients had associated lesions (Group 1); 120 patients had isolated aortopulmonary window (Group 2). Median age was 7 months. Results: The early mortality in Group 1 was significantly higher (12.7%) compared to Group 2 (0.8%) ( P = .001). The most common associated anomaly was ventricular septal defect (29 patients). On univariable analysis, cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P < .001), aortic cross-clamp time ( P < .001), delayed chest closure ( P = .02), sepsis ( P = .006), tracheostomy ( P = .002), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( P < .001), associated lesions ( P = .001), pulmonary artery hypertensive crisis ( P < .001) were predictors for early mortality. On multivariable analysis only pulmonary artery hypertensive crisis was identified as predictor for early mortality ( P = .03; odds ratio = 24). Survival at both 5 years and 8 years was 77% ± 6.5 in Group 1 and 98.8% ± 1.2 in Group 2 ( P≤.001). Freedom from reintervention at both 5 years and 8 years was 92.4% ± 5.2 in Group 1 and 100% in Group 2 ( P = .055). Conclusion: Early outcomes of aortopulmonary window repair are excellent among patients in which this is an isolated lesion, as compared to those with associated lesions. Long-term outcomes in terms of freedom from reoperation are excellent in both the groups.