Objective: Our study aims to assess the safety, efficacy, clinicoradiological, functional, neurological outcomes, and complications of posterior occipitocervical fixation using an occipital plate and C1-2 transarticular screw (TAS) construct. Study Design: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Methods: Data of 27 patients who underwent occipital plate and C1-2 TAS construct at a single institute from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Demographics, clinical parameters (Visual Analog Score, Oswestry Disability Index, and modified JOA score), radiological parameters – mean atlantodens interval, posterior occipitocervical angle, occipitocervical-2 angle, surgical parameters (operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, and fusion), and complications were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54.074 ± 16.52 years (18–81 years), the mean operative time was 116.29 ± 12.23 min, and the mean blood loss was 196.29 ± 38.94 ml. The mean hospital stay was 5.22 ± 1.28 days. The mean ± standard deviation follow-up duration was 62.52 ± 2.27 months. There was a significant improvement in clinical parameters and radiological parameters postoperatively. One patient with implant failure, one patient with pseudoarthrosis, one with neurological deterioration, two wound complications, and two dural tears were noted. Conclusion: Posterior occipitocervical reconstruction with O-C1-2 TAS construct provided excellent clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes, optimal correction of malalignment in the occipitocervical region, and with biomechanically sound fixation. Extending the instrumentation into the subaxial spine will lead to a decrease in the range of motion, increased surgical time, blood loss, more extensive muscle damage, and also increase the costs.

Introduction: Microtubular decompression (MTD) being a short-duration surgery, with many advantages, has gained popularity and can be done either in general anaesthesia (GA) or awake techniques like spinal anaesthesia (SA). The authors ventured to assess perioperative parameters, quantify peri-operative complications as the primary aim and determine patient satisfaction as the secondary aim of the study. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study performed over a period of ten years (2009–2019) and included 625 patients. The patients included were aged greater than 18 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score 1, 2, or 3. Patients with ASA 4 or 5, spinal instability, infection, or revision surgeries were excluded. Results: There is no significant difference in the complication rates. The clinical outcome in the form of VAS and ODI scores showed significant differences both in SA and GA groups at the final follow-up. The total anaesthetic, surgical times, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) perioperatively were longer in the GA group (P < 0.05). The perioperative blood pressures are lower in the SA group. The dissatisfaction rate is about 3.5%, of which the patients and a total of 88.5% of patients would like to opt for SA for future surgeries. Conclusion: This study represents the ten-year experience with MTD operated either with SA or GA. Awake spinal surgery is promising and has the glaring benefits of better peri-operative hemodynamic stability, and faster recovery with reduced surgical and anaesthetic duration. Dissatisfaction rates can be decreased by better explanation and the patient’s decision. Keywords: Awake spine surgery, Microtubular decompression, Hemodynamic parameters, Complications, Patient satisfaction.

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Spinal anaesthesia carries the advantage of having rapid onset, lesser blood loss, early recovery and hospital stay as compared to general anaesthesia. The present study evaluated outcomes of awake spinal fusion i.e., minimal invasive single level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) under spinal anaesthesia. Current study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data carried to assess patient related outcome benefits for a single level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion done under spinal anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Patients who fit deemed criteria not responding to 6 weeks of conservative treatment to lumbar degenerative pathologies underwent MIS-TLIF. The demographic data, visual analogue pain scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), blood loss, time from entering operation theatre to time of incision, time of bandaging to exit from operation theatre, time of stay in post anaesthesia care unit (PACU), duration of surgery, nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, requirement of analgesics, duration of stay in hospital, peri-operative complications, fusion rate and satisfaction score were compiled and assessed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> 150 patients were operated with MISTLIF under spinal anaesthesia. VAS and ODI score improved significantly at final follow up (p&lt;0.05). The mean duration of surgery was 148±18.24 minutes and blood loss were 109.64±110.45 ml. The average time from entering OT to incision and bandaging to exit was respectively 27.32±8.44 and 6.43±3.28 minutes. Mean PACU time was 36.74±6.32 minutes while duration of stay averaged 1.58±0.67 days. Post operative analgesia requirement was in 10.6% patients and radiographic fusion was observed in 96.6% patients. 90.6% patients were fully satisfied with spinal anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Awake spinal fusion should be considered as a novel surgical approach with newer minimal invasive surgical techniques and regional anaesthesia to improve patient satisfaction and overall surgical outcome.</p>

To study the incidence, risk factors, surgical outcomes of accidental durotomies (ADT) in patients of microendoscopic lumbar decompression surgeries (MLDS) and the postoperative patient mobilization protocol. Methods: A total of 550 patients who underwent MLDS from January 2012 to march 2020 under single surgeon and single institute were included in the study and incidence of ADT risk factors like age, BMI, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, surgeon's experience were studied for the same and early mobilization protocol for all the patients was followed. Results: Age > 60 years (p = 0.0062), bilateral decompression with unilateral approach, surgeons experience in the first 3 years over next 5 years (p = 0.037) were the statistically significant risk factors for increased incidence of ADT. Most of the ADT were small which did not require primary repair and managed with sealants like gelfoam and fibrin glue. Postoperative recovery in JOA and ODI scores in both ADT and non ADT cohorts were same. Conclusion: MISS has low incidence of ADT and age > 60 years and surgical technique of bilateral decompression with unilateral approach and surgeons expertise are the significant risk factors. MISS also has less risk of CSF leak symptoms and pseudomeningocele formation because of limited dead space formation in the soft tissue which helps in early postoperative mobilization and reduces the duration of hospital stay.

Spine surgery in the hemophilia patient is not a well documented entity in the literature. As per the author's knowledge, there is no literature related to minimally invasive spine surgery in hemophilia. We report our experience with a patient of hemophilia B treated with minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).