Aim: To find out the perspective of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dental hygiene in patients visiting teaching hospitals of Sialkot and Multan, Pakistan. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Islam Dental College, Sialkot and Nishter institute of dentistry, Multan during the year 2021. By using random sampling technique, about 400 patients were included in the study. A questionnaire was asked based on the aim of the study and the data was collected and analyzed. Result: Male patients were more in numbers as compared to the female patients with an age range between 25-55 years in both cities. More than 65% patients had insufficient knowledge about various dental hygiene aids available and their proper usage along with their impact on dental hygiene. Very low practice and attitude has been found regarding dental hygiene. More than 60% of the patients in both cities don’t know importance of maintaining good dental hygiene on their overall health status. Conclusion: Very low level of KAP has been found in patients of both the cities and counseling sessions along with community work and seminars should be carried out to emphasize the importance of maintaining good dental hygiene. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), patients, hygiene

Objective The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of uncomplicated and complicated crown fracture in permanent teeth. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Place and Duration: Nishter Institute of Dentistry, Multan between 2018-2020. Methods: There were 359 patients of both genders were presented with 525 permanent teeth. Patients were aged between 7–12 years. Patients detailed demographics age, sex, type of damage sustained, presence or absence of class II Div 1 were recorded after taking informed written consent from the authority. CPI probe was used to measure the degree of overjet as described by the 1997 WHO Basic Oral Health Survey Guidelines. Prevalence of complicated and uncomplicated crown fracture was calculated among traumatic dental injuries. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 version. Results: Majority of the patient was male 200 (55.7%) were males and 159 (46.3%) were females. Mean age of the patients were 8.64 ±12.37 years. Falling was the most common cause of injury found in 195 (54.3%) cases followed by sports 110 (31.6%), RTA was found in 30 (8.4%) and physical violence in 24 (6.7%). Class II div 1 was present among 149 (34.2%) cases. Frequency of crown fracture was found among 43 (11.98%) cases in which complicated crown fractures were 16 (4.5%) cases and the rest 27 (7.5%) were uncomplicated crown fractures. Among 43 cases of crown fractures majority of the cases were males 27 (62.8%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the prevalence of crown fracture among TDI was 11.98% and majority among them was uncomplicated crown fractures. Preventive interventions are needed because of the high incidence of oral trauma. There needs to be a greater awareness among parents and children about the dangers of mouth trauma. Key Words: TDI (Traumatic Dental Injuries), Crown fracture, Complicated, Uncomplicated

Permanent teeth are susceptible to luxation injuries. Different methods of splinting have been used for better healing outcomes. Pain relief, mobility and gingival lacerations come out to be better managed when traumatic teeth are splinted for a required time. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of wire composite splints in managing pain and mobility in various luxation injuries. Methods: A count of 85 patients meeting the criteria of inclusion were  included in the study that was conducted in Pedodontics department at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry Multan from 15th August 2022 to 15th January 2023 in a duration of 6 months. Patients were assessed for pain relief, comfort, and mobility at day zero and then at 7th and 14th day post splinting with 0.4mm wire and composite splints. Results: Grade I mobility was improved by 75.3 % and grade II and III mobility were improved by 100% at 14th day. On VRS scale moderate to severe pain was improved by 100% and mild one was by 73% on 14th day. These splints were effective in relieving pain and improving mobility at 7th and 14th day post splinting. Chi square test shows insignificant associations between pre and post splint mobility. Conclusions: It comes out that wire composite is not only an easy, at hand and quick method but has made mark for patient comfort, relief of pain, improving and managing mobility of different luxation injuries of young permanent anterior. This popular method of tooth stabilization enjoys its popularity for all the right reasons.

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