Purpose: Financial Statement Analysis (FSA) and Interpretation is a vital instruments for good management decision-making in business. The main objective of this study is therefore to determine how firms could use FSA and its interpretation to aid funding and investment decisions and to avert low profitability or low investment returns. Research methodology: Data from the annual report of Nestlé Nigeria Plc are utilized for the Analysis and Interpretation of the financial ratio using descriptive statistical analytical tools for presentations. Result: The study concludes that analysis of FSs is adequate for effective decision making and that firms should pay great attention to the use of FSA to properly equip themselves with this tool and also a combination of different ratios should be used in analyzing a firm's financial performance. Proper use of FSA should be made not only in investment but also in other areas of decision-making. Limitations: The study is limited to FSs published by Nestlé Nigeria plc between the years 2014 to 2019. Contribution: The paper serves as an aid to different categories of investors when making critical investment decisions. Keywords: 1. Decision 2. Financial statement 3. Financial reporting 4. Investment 5. Regulatory bodies

This study assessed the impact of Islamic Co-operatives Societies (ICSs) theoretically, legally and practically on Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria and consider its establishment in our various conventional interest-based economy community, which contradicts the ideals of Islamic principles of finance. The research was carried out within the general framework of Islamic financial principles and precepts. The research work focused on the needs of financing a large and growing Muslims community in line with their Islamic tenets thereby concentrating on the feasibility of adopting suitable ICS's modus operandi for the Muslim Community. It also studies the current realities of the ICSs being practiced in Nigeria from the perspective of the theories of Islamic financial system. Within this spectrum the operations and functions of registered Islamic cooperative societies in Adamawa Gombe, Kwara, and Zamfara States were reviewed. The study examined the key role of ICSs in an economy in fulfilling the microfinance needs of Muslims community, and find out that ICSs is a viable alternative solution to the conventional cooperative models and also alternative measure with potentiality to alleviate poverty. The study is limited in scope in a sense that it is not a comparative study of Islamic financial system with doctrines of other religions, ideologies and systems.

Sound and effective capital structure is important for sustainable growth and development of any firm. This research work investigates the impact of capital structure on the financial performance of firms in Nigeria. A total of one hundred and six (106) non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2012 to 2016 were used as sample. Panel data for the selected firms were generated and analyzed using fixed effect model as a method of estimation. The dependent variable for the study is profitability which was measured as Return on Assets (ROA). The independent variables on the other hand are total debts to total assets (TD), total long term debts to total assets (LTD) and short term debts to total assets (STD) used independently. Sales Growth, Firm Growth and Firm Age are used as control variables. Results indicates a negative significant relationship between Total Debt to Asset, and short term debt with return on assets (ROA), on the other hand, an insignificant relationship between long term debt and return on assets.

Purpose: The grounds for this study are to reflect a quantitative connection allying the financial statements of different firms at different periods and how the financial performance (FP) of firms can be measured using financial ratios. Research methodology: This research employs descriptive research with a quantitative approach focusing on calculations. Data were analysed through the Financial Ratio Analysis (FRA). Results: The comparative FRA unlocks the overall FP of the three firms. The result refill that, on average, Dangote Cement plc maintain the lead, CCNN/BUA Cement second, while Lafarge Africa plc is the least in all the FP indicator used. Limitations: The analysis is restricted to ten years FSs published by the three giant firms in the cement industries in Nigeria plc between the years 2012 to 2021. Contribution: This analysis expatriates and, in greater detail, the benefits that can be derived from applying FR analysis as a tool for financial performance (FP) measurement. It also helps in determining how the financial performance of firms can be measured through financial ratios.