Objective: Reproductive rights violations are a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 38.83% of victims live. Understanding the status of husbands’ knowledge and involvement helps to establish important programs and interventions. However, there are limited data related to husbands’ roles in women’s reproductive rights in the study setting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess husbands’ knowledge and involvement in women’s reproductive rights and their associated factors in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 611 husbands in March 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS Version 22. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to examine the factors associated with the outcome variable using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The levels of husbands’ knowledge and involvement were 48.3% and 40.1%, respectively. Social media utilization (adjusted odds ratio = 4.97, 95% confidence interval = 2.79–8.85), partners’ discussion (adjusted odds ratio = 2.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.60–3.39), and type of facility: hospital (adjusted odds ratio = 3.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.23–8.36) and health post (adjusted odds ratio = 2.86, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–6.94) were factors associated with knowledge of husbands. Likewise, the experience of using reproductive services (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.52–3.03), partner discussion (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–2.82), social media utilization (adjusted odds ratio = 1.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.89), and age 40–49 years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.19–3.32) were factors associated with husbands’ involvement. Conclusion: Less than half of the husbands were knowledgeable and involved in executing partners’ reproductive rights. Promoting and creating effective media utilization is important for creating awareness of reproductive rights. Moreover, working on reproductive health service utilization, women empowerment, and making open discussions between partners are crucial to increase the knowledge and involvement of husbands.

Background Competence is defined as the ability to perform a task with desirable outcomes. Globally, an estimated 530,000 women and 2 million newborns die each year, because of no access to competent health professionals. But half of those deaths can be prevented with competent health professionals. However, the existing literature shows that most new graduates have a lack of competence in the clinical environment, none of them have assessed whether student or preceptor factors have an association with clinical competence or not. So, this study is crucial to fill data scarcity. Objective To determine the clinical practice competence and associated factors among midwifery and nursing students at Dire Dawa. Methods Institutional cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing and midwifery students from February 10/2020 to February 30/2020. Self-administered questionnaires were given to 318 students through a simple random lottery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done for variables with a p-value <0.2 in binary logistic regression. The odds ratio was used to measure the degree of association. Results Only 19.2% are clinically competent. Students who were oriented about assessment methods were 4 times more likely competent [AOR = 4.096 p-value 0.035]. Students who have staff encouragement and have preceptors were 5 times [AOR = 4.900 p-value 0.12] and 11 times [AOR = 11.052 p-value 0.00] more likely competent, respectively. Confident students were 4 times more likely competent [AOR = 4.460, p-value 0.005]. Conclusion The prevalence of clinical competence is very minimal. This is due to assessment methods orientation, staff encouragement, clinical preceptor support and students’ confidence. This finding contributes to the federal ministry of health should work closely with teaching institutions, health facilities, and other stakeholders to overcome those gaps.

Nurse Manager's main job in contemporary health care organization is to increase degree of employee's participation in decision making and goal setting which in return has greater impact on employee motivation, and satisfaction. This study aimed at determining decision making styles used by Nurse Managers at main Assuit university hospital, and the effect of these styles on Technical diploma nurse' satisfaction. Subject of the study: the sample consisted of 96 Technical diploma nurse and 35 Nurse Managers. Setting: Medical and Surgical units at main Assiut University Hospital. Tools of data collection the data collected using structured questionnaire form. Results: the highest percentage of Nurse Managers were used authoritarian decision making style and the lost percentage were used delegative decision making style. Conclusion: Nurse Managers who were using participative decision making style achieving the highest level of employees' satisfaction. Recommendations Give employees opportunities to participate in goals setting and decisions to increase their commitment toward goal achievement. And further studies should be done including different countries to investigate the effect of cultures on Nurse Managers' decision making styles.

Background: Obstetrics care in a nearby health facility is an important strategy to reduce maternal and child complications, including death during childbirth. Bypassing the nearby birthing health facility is common in developing countries, including Ethiopia. But, in Ethiopia and the study area, little is known about the extent, determinants, and reasons for bypassing them. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing all these gaps, which are an important indicator of the quality of obstetrics care that the health system needs to address. Methods: A facility-based mixed (quantitative cross-sectional and phenomenological qualitative) study was conducted at selected public health centers in Dire Dawa city from December 01 to 30, 2022. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 635 participants for the quantitative study and purposive sampling for the qualitative study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and semi-structured questions for in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were entered and cleaned by Epi DATA (Version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS (Version 22). A P-value < 0.25 at bivariate to select variables for multivariate and ≤ 0.05 at multivariate with 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis using open-source software. Results: 635 postpartum women for quantitative and twelve participants for qualitative were included. At childbirth centers, the overall bypass rate was 30.9% (95% CI: 27.1%–34.55 %). A higher age group (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.43–3.82), rural residence (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.11-3.22), no formal education (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.23–4.16), obstetric care needs during antenatal care (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.33–4.22), and health professionals’ behavior (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.33–4.22) and health professionals’ behavior (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.99–4.78) were associated with a higher likelihood of bypassing. Health care facility, personal perception, and health care worker-related factors were the main identified themes in the qualitative results. Conclusion: The extent of bypassing the nearby childbirth health facility was moderate and associated with women’s age, education, resident area, obstetrics care during antenatal visits, and health care workers’ approaches. In the qualitative analysis, three major themes emerged for the reasons for bypassing a nearby childbirth health facility: the health care facility, health professionals, and service users’ perception-related reasons. Stakeholders were advised to increase obstetrics services (supplies, equipment), respectful care, and education while taking pregnant women's residence and education level into account, as well as conduct additional community-based research.

Background Male partner involvement in promoting skilled delivery is a process of social and behavioral change that men must undergo in order to prevent obstetric complications during childbirth. But this lacks information, and therefore, it was intended to be investigated in the study area. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dire Dawa administration, Ethiopia, from July 1 to 30, 2022, among male partners chosen using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, entered and cleaned by Epi DATA (Version 3.1), and analyzed using SPSS (Version 22). A P-value of 0.25 at bivariate to select variables for multivariate and 0.05 at multivariate with 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 610 male partners participated, and male partners’ involvement in promoting skilled birth attendance was 51.8% (95% CI: 47.5–55.4%). The predictors were urban residence (AOR = 2.55, 95%CI: 1.75–3.73), diploma and above level of education (AOR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.10–3.74), the perceived importance of skilled birth attendance (AOR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.30–3.00), an antenatal care visit (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.04–3.07), and skilled birth attendance (AOR = 6.20, 95%CI: 3.4–11.33) with accompanying experiences. Conclusion Male partners' involvement in promoting their partners’ skilled birth attendance is moderate compared to other studies in Ethiopia. Stakeholders are recommended to use combined efforts to strengthen men's involvement and create continuous awareness about skilled birth utilization.