Schumannianthus dichotoma (Murta) is widely grown in wetland areas of Bangladesh, providing the raw material for prayer and bed mats and also minimizing flood risk and soil erosion. The study was carried out in two villages in Gowainghat Thana (subdistrict) in Sylhet district, to determine techniques for traditional management of Murta plantations and its role in the household economy. On average, about 13% of the total homestead area is used for Murta plantations. Propagation was from rhizomes and branch cuttings, and little intensive management was required. Harvesting was usually done annually, from mid-September to the end of March. Three-quarters of respondents were directly involved in Murta-based cottage enterprises, providing an average annual income of US$216: 43% of total income. Net average profit per man-day from selling articles varies from US$0.23 to 0.73. Middlemen make significant profits, due to lack of marketing knowledge and available market information and marketing facilities of the villagers. The cultivation and processing of Murta has great potential for the rural economy of such areas.

Hazelnut production in Turkey, which is carried out in a land area of approximately 700 thousand hectares and yields ~600 thousand tons per year of in shell nuts, makes up about 70% of world hazelnut production. Turkey is followed by Italy, Georgia, USA, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Spain, respectively, in terms of major hazelnut producing countries. Italy is the second largest hazelnut producing country with a production area of 70 thousand hectares. Its share of world production is approximately 10%. Spain is one other main hazelnut producing country with 14 thousand tons per year. A new European ERASMUS + Project "Examination of modern and traditional applications in hazelnut production" was prepared highlighting a "Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices". Four partners from Turkey (Ordu Commercial Excange, Ordu University, Ordu Governor and Altınordu Chamber of Agriculture), one from Italy (Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo), and one from Spain (IRTA-Mas de Bover, Tarragona) are involved in this EU project. The most fundamental problem in hazelnut is low quality and low yield according to the World trade union. Accordingly, teaching new methods to the farmers by sharing the best practices with vocational training in Turkey, Italy and Spain, which enjoy the highest shares in hazelnut culture, would make great contributions to this issue. At the same time, this would also provide policy makers with new ideas. Farmers learning appropriate agricultural methods and implementing them would increase hazelnut production and improve fruit quality. The expected goals of the project are to develop cooperation between the institutions, increase hazelnut quality and productivity, learn and adopt new farming methods, plant a pilot orchard, draft a hazelnut booklet, increase the communication between farmers, and share the best practices among three countries. At the end of the project, the outputs obtained will be disseminated to all hazelnut sectors.

Plant protection equipment is essential in the agricultural field for increasing crop productivity and minimizing the losses caused. Specialized machinery for mechanically applying chemicals is crucial for maximizing crop yields in farming. Farmers use a wide range of pesticides to counteract the effects of insects, diseases, and fungi on their crops. The backpack sprayers do the spraying with staffing, which requires more human effort, covers a small area, is time-consuming, and has a low storage capacity. The market introduced many products to address these limitations, but they cannot work simultaneously. Solar, electrical, and chemical energy is now being used to spray pesticides, but these methods are expensive and require a trained operator. To address the issues above, a product designed with adaptable spraying equipment is proposed to benefit medium-and small-scale farmers. This study aims to look at the problem of manual backpack sprayers and reduce backpack and foot spraying, eliminate human efforts, and decrease labor costs by advancing the spraying method and a constant flow of droplets. Finally, we have investigated the effects of urging gardeners and farmers to spray their plants with liquids such as pesticides, herbicides, and water. The proposed design can help gardeners in terms of comfort during spraying, reducing energy used to pump tanks, and effectively utilizing spraying time.  IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 6 (1): 88-99