Background: To investigate the magnitude and pattern of pre-existing corneal astigmatism in age related cataract patient. Method: This prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary eye hospital from January 2020 to June 2020. We examined 577 eyes of 532 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The mean age at the time of surgery was 61.2 ±7.1 (40 to 100) years. Corneal astigmatism was measured with Auto Refracto Keratometer at least two times for each patient. Astigmatism was calculated from dioptric difference of vertical reading from horizontal reading. With the rule (WTR) astigmatism was considered when steep meridian at 900±200. Against the rule (ATR) astigmatism was considered when steep meridian at 1800±200. Astigmatism is in other direction is defined as oblique. Result: The pattern of astigmatism was ATR astigmatism in 237 eyes (41%), WTR astigmatism in 165 eyes (28.6%) and Oblique in 175 eyes (30.4%). Prevalence of ATR astigmatism was more than WTR astigmatism and prevalence of ATR astigmatism axis significantly increased with the increase in age. Average corneal power was 45.23D. Corneal astigmatism was 0.0D to 0.5D in 274 eyes (47.5%), 0.51D to 1.0D in 175 eyes (30.3%), 1.01D to 2.0D in 98 eyes (17.0%) and more than 2D in 30 eyes (5.2%) cases. Corneal astigmatism of most cataract surgery candidates fell between 0.50D to 1.50 D in 360 eyes (62.4%) cases. Conclusion: Thirty five percent (35%) pre-operative patient had 1D or more corneal astigmatism and sixty five percent (65%) had less than 1Dcorneal astigmatism. Central Medical College Journal Vol 6 No 2 Jauly 2022 Page: 67-70

Background: Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy associated with characteristic optic nerve damage which may lead to certain visual field loss patterns at least some part of which is due to a sub optimal intra ocular pressure. Glaucoma is also known as silent killer of vision. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of glaucoma among the patients who were presented to a tertiary eye hospital, in southern region of Bangladesh. Method: A prospective observational study was done in outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary eye hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. All patients with glaucoma were included. Data on age at presentation, gender, laterality, intraocular pressure, cup/disk ratio (C:D) with neuroretinal rim (NRR) and diagnosis were collected from OPD. Patients in age of 1 day - 100 years were included in this study. Patients were grouped into three age groups (0-25 years, 26-50 years and >50 years) and grouped in terms of clinical diagnoses. Result: A total of 387 eyes of 292 patients were included. Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) was the predominant type (45%) followed by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) (32%), secondary glaucoma (14%) and normal tension glaucoma (6%). Other types including juvenile glaucoma (2%) and congenital glaucoma (1%) were also present but of lower prevalence. Conclusion: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) was the predominant form of glaucoma followed by POAG suggesting that the pattern in Bangladesh could be quite different from that reported for primary glaucoma in the Western literature. EMCJ. July 2022; 7(2): 16-20

A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in a tertiary level eye hospital in the southern region of Bangladesh, between January and December of 2019, to assess the magnitude of blindness with varying disorders of the eye. All the reported patients irrespective of age and gender were included in this study. Patients were divided into three age groups: 0-25 years, 26-50 years and above 50 years. Demographic variables and eye diseases diagnosed were recorded and analyzed. More than 1.5 lac patients attended the hospital during the study period. Male patients were preponderance 79058 (52.05%) than female 72814 (47.95%). The most common group was above 50 years 75055 (49.42%). Patients related with blindness were 42189 (27.78%). Cataract were the most common disorder of reversible blindness 38662 (91.64%) followed by corneal disorders both reversible and irreversible blindness 1931 (4.57%), and other disorders 1596 (3.78%) with irreversible blindness included ocular trauma, posterior segment disease and glaucoma. Age related cataract (ARC) was 37394 (96.72%) among the patients with cataract, and ARC was found 35272 (83.6%) among the patients related to blindness above 50 years of age. More than 90 percent of the patients 38662 (91.64%) were attended for reversible blindness with cataract. To summarize, age related cataract was the most common cause of reversible blindness among the patients >50 years of age. The causes of irreversible blindness included ocular trauma, corneal ulcer, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. CBMJ 2021 January: vol. 10 no. 02 P: 70-74