Protection against failure in high bandwidth optical networks can prevent significant potential losses of data but at the same time it requires a considerable fraction of the network resources to be reserved for it. Moreover, in optical networks suffering from physical layer impairments, inefficient use of network resources leads to significant increase in the blocking probability and higher vulnerability due to degradation of the QoT (Quality of Transmission) in the network. These trade offs call for the need to consider the physical layer impairments in designing higher layer protection schemes, i.e., a QoT-aware or cross-layer design. In this paper, we look at the performance of several link protection and link and path restoration algorithms in all-optical networks with realistic physical layer impairments, and propose a new cross-layer restoration method that exhibits both low blocking probability and low vulnerability ratio.

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Their high recovery speed and efficiency have made p-Cycles a premier approach to link protection. Recent research has discussed their capabilities and provided different methods for p-Cycle selection in communication networks. In this work, we consider the p-Cycle approach to resilient all-optical network design and present an ILP formulation that preconfigures pCycles in such an environment. Our proposed formulation strives to find p-Cycles that have good recovery capability in the face of physical layer impairments (PLIs) and are capacity-efficient at the same time. Our numerical results show a trade-off between these two performance measures. We evaluate the performances of different outcomes of the formulation using our accurate physical layer model. We show that applying our previously proposed cross-layer RWA algorithm, HQ, greatly improves the performance.

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