Cupping therapy (CT) is one of the oldest medical techniques available, and is still used in several cultures instead of or as an adjunct or complement to ‘western academic' medicine. Moreover, CT (wet or dry) is claimed to have therapeutic effects in many types of disorders which do not fully respond to conventional medicine or for which no effective treatment is available. However, no recent reviews of the clinical practice of cupping are available to the best of our knowledge. We describe the applications of CT as used in Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM). Several databases were searched for relevant literature. In addition, we studied the main traditional treatises on TIM regarding the history and practice of CT. Information about current practices was obtained from a systematic survey among practitioners. Our results suggest that CT is currently prescribed for up to 120 diseases and disorders that are difficult to treat, including cutaneous (21.7%), musculoskeletal (15%), and central nervous system (13.3%) disorders. Moreover, TIM treatises note 25 specific sites on the body surface which correspond to certain diseases, and on which wet-cupping therapy has therapeutic effects. Additional clinical studies of CT may lead to findings on new therapeutic methods and may shed light on mechanisms of disease and illness that are not fully understood in conventional medicine.

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Background & Aim: Moral intelligence is linked with doing right work and adherence to ethics. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and quality of work life of nurses in Tabriz hospitals. Material & Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of all nurses working in hospitals of Tabriz in 2014. Using stratified random sampling, 186 nurses were recruited as the research sample. Lennick and Kiel's (2005) moral intelligence questionnaire and Brooks and Anderson's (2005) quality of work life survey were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods including Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS-PC (v. 20). Results: According to findings, there was significant positive relationships between the elements of moral intelligence and quality of work life-home , quality of work context and quality of work world (P = 0.001). There was no significant relationship between moral intelligence and quality of work design. The regression analysis showed that moral intelligence could predict the quality of work life/home life, the quality of work context and the quality of work world. However, it did not have a significant role in the prediction of quality of work design. Conclusion: Considering that the quality of nursing work life is predictable through moral intelligence, it seems that appropriate levels of moral intelligence could lead nurses to play a significant role in hospitals. Meanwhile, approaches such as encouraging moral behavior would improve the present situation.

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