Background: Mandibular condylar fractures are common, with prevalence between 25% and 35% of all mandibular fractures. In children, the condylar fractures are usually managed with maxilla-mandibular fixation, where as in adults the treatment of condylar fractures remains controversial. Several investigators validated the use of Botulinium Toxin (BTX) for treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation. However, there are very limited studies that assessed (BTX) injection in the management of condylar/ subcondylar fractures.Patients and Methods: Ten patients presenting with condylar/subcondylar fractures either isolated or associated with other mandibular fracture were treated by Ultrasound guided (BTX) injection to Lateral Pterygoid Muscle (LPM) followed by application of arch bar and guiding elastics 2-3 days later.Results: Patients retained good occlusion with unrestricted mouth opening. Minor deviation upon mouth opening was observed in some of the cases. Good alignment of the condylar /subcondylar fracture was documented radiologically over a minimum of three-month follow-up period. Conclusion:The use of botulinium toxin in condylar fractures is safe, and can be used as nonsurgical adjuvant in management of condylar/subcondylar fractures.

Background: Fat survival remains a challenge following fat grafting and has been a subject of debate. The key to successful fat grafting in buttock enhancement dictates familiarity with the technique, knowledge of the gluteal topography and aesthetics along with understanding of the patient's desired needs and goals. However, several areas still need to be researched. Objectives: This study aims to describe the anthropometric measurements of the Middle Eastern female buttocks and to evaluate the post-operative volume changes of structural fat grafting following gluteal enhancement procedures. Methods: This study included sixty adult healthy females. Candidates were classified into four main groups; control group (30 candidates) for measuring anthropometrics of Middle Eastern buttocks with normal BMI, and other 30 candidates were grouped into three surgical groups (10 candidates for each) according to the amount of fat grafting. Anthropometric measurements were obtained directly through patients' photos (posterior and lateral views) pre-operatively, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Pre-operative volume of gluteal region in each quadrant was measured for the whole buttock by using the ultrasound then compared to that of 3 and 6 months post-operatively. Results: Control group (30 candidates) showed that round shape buttocks was the dominant shape. Fat survival rate of fat injected in subcutaneous plane decreased with increasing volume of fat injected, while in the intramuscular plane the survival rate the same and was not affected significantly. Conclusion and Recommendations: Round shaped buttock is the dominant shape in Middle Eastern buttock; fat survival rate is greater when injected intramuscular. We warn surgeons from trying intramuscular fat injection without anticipating problems and also without taking in consideration precautions and recommendations especially in large volume grafting. Also, we recommend authors to perform more studies in Middle Eastern buttocks for more control cases to confirm the anthropometric criteria of Middle Eastern buttocks.