Telling time is a fairly simple task for sighted people. However, it poses considerable constraints on the blind and deafblind people and communities. While there are time telling devices available in the market, those designs and implementations are inaccurate and exclusive. Tactile watches allow the user to open the cover of the watch and feel the hour and minutes hand with the corresponding dots raised to indicate the number. This gives the user a general idea of the time. Speaking time telling devices operate by announcing the time when the user presses a button to indicate their need to tell the time. Such devices can go unheard in loud areas and can be problematic and noisy in a quiet classroom/work environment. Additionally, such devices serve no purpose for the deafblind people as they cannot hear. This objective of this project is to develop an inexpensive, user-friendly, digital braille time telling device which will resolve all the inaccuracy and problems existing models pose. This proposal will explore further the details of the working principle, design and implementation of such a device. Need StatementFor people who are blind, knowing what time it is presents a challenge that non-blind people would hardly think about. Furthermore, deafblind people are presented with an even greater challenge. There are time telling devices such as tactile watches and speaking watches/clock. Such designs can be inaccurate, exclusive and noisy. Additionally, there are little to no digital braille-time telling devices. The objective of this project is to develop an inexpensive, userfriendly, digital braille time telling device. Background Research

Square and triangular shape actuator panels mounted on the wall of a wind tunnel beneath an air flow have been impulsively rotated with an angular velocity between 3 and $26~\mathrm{rad} ~{\mathrm{s} }^{- 1} $. A custom-designed balance was used to measure the time-dependent lift and drag forces during the deployment of the actuator, the position of which was monitored by a digital encoder. The measured forces have been compensated for inertia effects which are significant. The results indicated that all lift and drag force coefficients during the transient deployment are different than the corresponding coefficients under stationary conditions at the same deployment angle. It was found that these dynamic effects are augmented with increasing velocity ratio $\mathit{Str}$. The square actuator was found to have better aerodynamic performance than the triangular ones. Additional experiments within different boundary layers reveal that the generated unsteady forces on the moving panels are affected by the characteristics of the incoming boundary layers. The results showed that the thinner the boundary layer is the higher the forces are. Time-resolved flow visualization studies indicated that during the deployment of the panel the upstream turbulent boundary layer structures and the free stream fluid are decelerated and squeezed in the longitudinal direction as they approach the moving plate. A very thin and highly sheared wall layer develops over the moving panel, it generates a substantial amount of vorticity and it subsequently separates from the three edges of the panel to form a large-scale ring-like vortical structure which is responsible for the transient augmentation of the aerodynamic forces. This structure consists of wrapped around separated shear layers which contain pockets of compressed eddies and free stream fluid originated in the upstream incoming boundary layer and free stream. A horseshoe vortex starts to form over the moving plate and during the final stages of deployment it has been moved upstream while the incoming boundary layer turbulent structures are pushed and diverted upwards.

is a professor and department chair of Engineering and Technology at Vaughn College of Aeronautics & Technology. He is the author of two books, Vaughn College Journal of Engineering and Technology (VCJET), numerous conference papers in the areas of solid mechanics, computational mechanics, vibration analysis, fracture mechanics and reliability analysis. He is also a principle investigator for the NSF S-STEM grant and the HIS-STEM grant and a student adviser for a number of technical papers in the areas of mechanics, robotics and industrial automation.

Elzawawy teaches courses in mechanical and mechatronic engineering and engineering technology programs. His research background is in the area of experimental fluid mechanics and currently active on the area of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and heat transfer simulations. This in addition to developing STEM programs to enhance engineering education experiences focused on improving retention and graduation rate.