Background This paper outlines the current status and mechanism for identifying dental implants, with emphasis on future direction and updated technology, and covers the existing factors influencing the identification of implant systems. Main body A search was performed on the current methods of identifying dental implants between January 2000 through Feb 2020 using online databases for articles published in English. The search was performed using the Google, Rutgers library, PubMed, MEDLINE databases via OVID using the following keywords: implant types identification by x-ray imaging, forensic identification of dental implant, surface types, threaded, non-threaded, software identification, recent technologies, which evaluated different methods in the identification of dental implants and its clinical importance for the dentist and the patient. Of the 387 articles found in initial search results, 10 met the inclusion criteria set for this review. These 10 studies were directly related to the identification of different implant systems. Many studies have indicated identifying dental implants as problematic due to many confounding factors, and the difficulty in finding the specific parts for the dental implant itself. The contribution of digital dentistry is critical. Factors like increasing number of implant manufacturers, dental tourism, and cost, make it difficult to detect and match dental implants by dentists during the chairside time. Conclusion These factors give rise to the need for a new system to help clinicians in decision making. Artificial intelligence seems to have shown potential to help in this case. However, detailed regulatory mechanisms are still needed for diagnosis and analysis.

The ability to effectively repair craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects in a fully functional and aesthetically pleasing manner is essential to maintain physical and psychological health. Current challenges for CMF repair therapies include the facts that craniofacial bones exhibit highly distinct properties as compared to axial and appendicular bones, including their unique sizes, shapes and contours, and mechanical properties that enable the ability to support teeth and withstand the strong forces of mastication. The study described here examined the ability for tyrosine-derived polycarbonate, E1001(1K)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to repair critical sized alveolar bone defects in an in vivo rabbit mandible defect model. Human dental pulp stem cells are uniquely suited for use in CMF repair in that they are derived from the neural crest, which naturally contributes to CMF development. E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds provide tunable mechanical and biodegradation properties, and are highly porous, consisting of interconnected macro-and micropores, to promote cell infiltration and attachment throughout the construct. Human dental pulp stem cells/HUVECs seeded and acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP constructs were implanted for one and three months, harvested and analyzed by micro-computed tomography, then demineralized, processed and sectioned for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results showed that hDPSC seeded E1001(1k)/β-TCP constructs to support the formation of osteodentinlike mineralized jawbone tissue closely resembling that of natural rabbit jaw bone. Although unseeded scaffolds supported limited alveolar bone regeneration, more robust and homogeneous bone formation was observed in hDPSC/HUVEC-seeded constructs, suggesting that hDPSCs/HUVECs contributed to enhanced bone formation. Importantly, bioengineered jaw bone recapitulated the characteristic morphology of natural rabbit jaw bone, was highly vascularized, and exhibited active remodeling by the presence of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on newly formed bone surfaces. In conclusion, these results demonstrate, for the first time, that E1001(1K)/ β-TCP

No abstract